What are the differences? Is the only difference that wolfram script is the command line version of mathematica? or are there other benefits?
I think the WolframScript is a bit like Julia's REPL (Read-eval-print loop). Sometimes, typing on the command line is much faster than using GUI. However, the Mathematica/Wolfram gives unconverted results such as 1/3, sqrt(17) rather than approximated real numbers.
It's very convenient for short repetitive calculations. For example, I use it to solve exercises or double-check your answer at the end of each section or chapter. It helps me learn faster.