I have read the TinkerPop official docs and provided tutorials on their website. I am looking for further learning resources on developing custom Vertex Programs that cover the fundamentals and anatomy of such programs. Thank you.
There aren't many resources on this topic. Generally speaking you should be comfortable in your understanding of BSP, which is the general processing model that GraphComputer is built on and you should look at the code for the various VertexProgram implementations that already exist in TinkerPop. Finally, I wrote a tutorial on this topic which might be helpful which was inspired by this StackOverflow question.