The Exception Handling Proposal has been implemented in some environments, e.g. in binaryen. But has it been implemented in llvm yet? Will llvm based compilers (with wasm as a target) like clang or emscripten generate code with try-catch blocks? (And where can such updated information be found in general for other proposals and instruction types as well?)
Yes, the Wasm exception handling proposal is supported in the whole toolchain from llvm/clang, binaryen, and emscripten.
More info here: https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/exceptions.html