`% a` in string reads as a point in memory

Question

I am using the following code in a small program demonstrating expression behavior:

c = a % b;
d = b % a;
printf("\nc = a % b\n"
       "d = b % a\n"
       "  a = %d\n"
       "  b = %d\n"
       "  c = %d\n"
       "  d = %d\n\n",
       a, b, c, d);

This is outputting as follows:

c = a % b
d = b  0x0.0000000000008p-1022
  a = 5
  b = 7
  c = 5
  d = 2

I have tried escaping the modulo operators in the string with no change in the output:

c = a % b;
d = b % a;
printf("\nc = a \% b\n"
       "d = b \% a\n"
       "  a = %d\n"
       "  b = %d\n"
       "  c = %d\n"
       "  d = %d\n\n",
       a, b, c, d);

What I'm wondering is: why would % a seem to point to a place in memory when % b outputs as expected as a string? Additionally, why would escaping the modulo symbol not resolve the issue?

Edit (resolved):

Thanks everyone for the comments and answers; I was able to find the full details from your resonses.

This question is a duplicate of the following which can be referenced for more information:

• Why is percentage character not escaped with backslash in C?
• How to escape the % (percent) sign in C's printf

White space is ignored following % and printf will use the next non-white space character to identify a conversion specifier. The reason this did not effect "c = a % b" is because %b is not a valid conversion specifier.

The reason %% must be used to escape the % symbol is because %'s usage here is specific to printf and must follow the escape rules of printf, which differ from the escape rules of \ inherited from C.

Answer 1

To escape the symbol '%' in the format string you need to double it like

printf("\nc = a %% b\n"