Hi I am currently trying to create a platformer and I tried creating a camera system for it. But after many tries I still cannot find a good way to do it even after having tried everything I saw online. I would really like the camera to work a bit like this animation I found here Any advices on how I should approach this?
import pygame,sys
pygame.init()
# Settings
tile_size = 64
fov = 10
screen_width = 1200
screen_height = tile_size * fov
level_data = [
' ',
' ',
' XX ',
'XX XXX ',
'XX XX',
'XXXX XX ',
'XXXX P XX ',
'XX X XXX XX X ',
' X XXX XX XX ',
' XXXX XXXXX XX XXX',
'XXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXX']
# Classes
class Game():
def __init__(self):
self.level = Level(screen)
self.status = 'level'
def run(self):
if self.status == 'level':
self.level.run()
class Level:
def __init__(self,display_surface):
# Basic setup
self.setup_level()
self.display_surface = display_surface
# Movement
self.x_shift = 0
self.y_shift = 0
def setup_level(self):
self.tiles = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = pygame.sprite.GroupSingle()
for row_index,row in enumerate(level_data):
for col_index,col in enumerate(row):
x = col_index * tile_size
y = (row_index * tile_size) - ((len(level_data) - fov) * tile_size)
if col == 'X':
tile = Tile((x,y))
self.tiles.add(tile)
if col == 'P':
player = Player((x,y))
self.player.add(player)
def vertical_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.apply_gravity()
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.y > 0:
player.rect.bottom = sprite.rect.top
player.on_ground = True
elif player.direction.y < 0:
player.rect.top = sprite.rect.bottom
player.direction.y = 0
if player.on_ground and player.direction.y > 1 or player.direction.y < 0:
player.on_ground = False
def horizontal_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.rect.x += player.direction.x * player.speed
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.x > 0:
player.rect.right = sprite.rect.left
elif player.direction.x < 0:
player.rect.left = sprite.rect.right
def run(self):
self.vertical_movement_collision()
self.horizontal_movement_collision()
# Tiles
self.tiles.update(self.x_shift,self.y_shift)
self.tiles.draw(self.display_surface)
# Player
self.player.update()
self.player.draw(self.display_surface)
class Tile(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
self.image = pygame.Surface((tile_size,tile_size))
self.image.fill('grey')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
self.x = self.rect.x
self.y = self.rect.y
def update(self,x_shift,y_shift):
self.x += x_shift
self.y -= y_shift
self.rect.topleft = round(self.x), round(self.y)
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
# Image
self.image = pygame.Surface((32,64))
self.image.fill('red')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
# Movement
self.direction = pygame.math.Vector2(0,0)
self.speed = 8
self.gravity = 0.8
self.jump_speed = -20
# Status
self.on_ground = False
def get_inputs(self):
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
self.jump()
if keys[pygame.K_d] or keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.direction.x = 1
elif keys[pygame.K_a] or keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.direction.x = -1
else:
self.direction.x = 0
def apply_gravity(self):
self.direction.y += self.gravity
self.rect.y += self.direction.y
def jump(self):
if self.on_ground:
self.direction.y = self.jump_speed
def update(self):
self.get_inputs()
# Game setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width,screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Platformer')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
game = Game()
# Main
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
screen.fill('black')
game.run()
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(60)
In basic camera system you keep player in center. So camera depends on player position and screen size
camera_x = -self.player.sprite.rect.centerx + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx
camera_y = -self.player.sprite.rect.centery + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery
camera = (camera_x, camera_y)
and later you have to add camera to all sprites when you blit it - but not add this to sprite position.
def draw(self, screen, camera):
screen.blit(self.image, self.rect.move(camera))
But it needs to run draw() for every sprite separatelly because group.draw() runs directly blit(self.image, self.rect)
For more complex camera system you have to write more complex code which checks player position and change it in different way (using if/else)
Minimal working code:
import pygame,sys
# Classes
class Game():
def __init__(self):
self.level = Level(screen)
self.status = 'level'
def run(self):
if self.status == 'level':
self.level.run()
class Level:
def __init__(self,display_surface):
# Basic setup
self.setup_level()
self.display_surface = display_surface
# Movement
self.x_shift = 0
self.y_shift = 0
def setup_level(self):
self.tiles = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = pygame.sprite.GroupSingle()
for row_index,row in enumerate(level_data):
for col_index,col in enumerate(row):
x = col_index * tile_size
y = (row_index * tile_size) - ((len(level_data) - fov) * tile_size)
if col == 'X':
tile = Tile((x,y))
self.tiles.add(tile)
if col == 'P':
player = Player((x,y))
self.player.add(player)
def vertical_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.apply_gravity()
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.y > 0:
player.rect.bottom = sprite.rect.top
player.on_ground = True
elif player.direction.y < 0:
player.rect.top = sprite.rect.bottom
player.direction.y = 0
if player.on_ground and player.direction.y > 1 or player.direction.y < 0:
player.on_ground = False
def horizontal_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.rect.x += player.direction.x * player.speed
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.x > 0:
player.rect.right = sprite.rect.left
elif player.direction.x < 0:
player.rect.left = sprite.rect.right
def run(self):
self.vertical_movement_collision()
self.horizontal_movement_collision()
# Tiles
self.tiles.update(self.x_shift,self.y_shift)
self.player.update()
camera_x = -self.player.sprite.rect.centerx + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx
camera_y = -self.player.sprite.rect.centery + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery
camera = (camera_x, camera_y)
print(camera)
for item in self.tiles:
item.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
self.player.sprite.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
class Tile(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
self.image = pygame.Surface((tile_size,tile_size))
self.image.fill('grey')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
self.x = self.rect.x
self.y = self.rect.y
def update(self,x_shift,y_shift):
self.x += x_shift
self.y -= y_shift
self.rect.topleft = round(self.x), round(self.y)
def draw(self, screen, camera):
screen.blit(self.image, self.rect.move(camera))
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
# Image
self.image = pygame.Surface((32,64))
self.image.fill('red')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
# Movement
self.direction = pygame.math.Vector2(0,0)
self.speed = 8
self.gravity = 0.8
self.jump_speed = -20
# Status
self.on_ground = False
def get_inputs(self):
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
self.jump()
if keys[pygame.K_d] or keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.direction.x = 1
elif keys[pygame.K_a] or keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.direction.x = -1
else:
self.direction.x = 0
def apply_gravity(self):
self.direction.y += self.gravity
self.rect.y += self.direction.y
def jump(self):
if self.on_ground:
self.direction.y = self.jump_speed
def update(self):
self.get_inputs()
def draw(self, screen, camera):
screen.blit(self.image, self.rect.move(camera))
# --- main ---
pygame.init()
# Settings
tile_size = 64
fov = 10
screen_width = 1200
screen_height = tile_size * fov
level_data = [
' ',
' ',
' XX ',
'XX XXX ',
'XX XX',
'XXXX XX ',
'XXXX P XX ',
'XX X XXX XX X ',
' X XXX XX XX ',
' XXXX XXXXX XX XXX',
'XXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXX']
# Game setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width,screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Platformer')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
game = Game()
# Main
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
screen.fill('black')
game.run()
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(60)
EDIT:
More complex camera system - it doesn't move map when player is near the border of map.
def run(self):
self.vertical_movement_collision()
self.horizontal_movement_collision()
# Tiles
self.tiles.update(self.x_shift, self.y_shift)
self.player.update()
map_left = 0
map_right = len(level_data[0])*tile_size
map_top = 0
map_bottom = len(level_data)*tile_size
camera_x = -self.player.sprite.rect.centerx + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx
if self.player.sprite.rect.centerx < map_left + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx:
camera_x = -map_left
if self.player.sprite.rect.centerx > map_right - self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx:
camera_x = -(map_right - self.display_surface.get_rect().width)
camera_y = -self.player.sprite.rect.centery + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery
if self.player.sprite.rect.centery < map_top + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery:
camera_y = -map_top
if self.player.sprite.rect.centery > map_bottom - self.display_surface.get_rect().centery:
camera_y = -(map_bottom - self.display_surface.get_rect().height)
camera = (camera_x, camera_y)
for item in self.tiles:
item.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
self.player.sprite.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
but in setup_level() it needs y without - ((len(level_data) - fov) * tile_size)
y = (row_index * tile_size) # - ((len(level_data) - fov) * tile_size)
Full code:
import pygame,sys
# Classes
class Game():
def __init__(self):
self.level = Level(screen)
self.status = 'level'
def run(self):
if self.status == 'level':
self.level.run()
class Level:
def __init__(self,display_surface):
# Basic setup
self.setup_level()
self.display_surface = display_surface
# Movement
self.x_shift = 0
self.y_shift = 0
def setup_level(self):
self.tiles = pygame.sprite.Group()
self.player = pygame.sprite.GroupSingle()
for row_index,row in enumerate(level_data):
for col_index,col in enumerate(row):
x = col_index * tile_size
y = (row_index * tile_size)# - ((len(level_data) - fov) * tile_size)
if col == 'X':
tile = Tile((x,y))
self.tiles.add(tile)
if col == 'P':
player = Player((x,y))
self.player.add(player)
def vertical_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.apply_gravity()
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.y > 0:
player.rect.bottom = sprite.rect.top
player.on_ground = True
elif player.direction.y < 0:
player.rect.top = sprite.rect.bottom
player.direction.y = 0
if player.on_ground and player.direction.y > 1 or player.direction.y < 0:
player.on_ground = False
def horizontal_movement_collision(self):
player = self.player.sprite
player.rect.x += player.direction.x * player.speed
for sprite in self.tiles.sprites():
if sprite.rect.colliderect(player.rect):
if player.direction.x > 0:
player.rect.right = sprite.rect.left
elif player.direction.x < 0:
player.rect.left = sprite.rect.right
def run(self):
self.vertical_movement_collision()
self.horizontal_movement_collision()
# Tiles
self.tiles.update(self.x_shift, self.y_shift)
self.player.update()
map_left = 0
map_right = len(level_data[0])*tile_size
map_top = 0
map_bottom = len(level_data)*tile_size
camera_x = -self.player.sprite.rect.centerx + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx
if self.player.sprite.rect.centerx < map_left + self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx:
camera_x = -map_left
if self.player.sprite.rect.centerx > map_right - self.display_surface.get_rect().centerx:
camera_x = -(map_right - self.display_surface.get_rect().width)
camera_y = -self.player.sprite.rect.centery + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery
if self.player.sprite.rect.centery < map_top + self.display_surface.get_rect().centery:
camera_y = -map_top
if self.player.sprite.rect.centery > map_bottom - self.display_surface.get_rect().centery:
camera_y = -(map_bottom - self.display_surface.get_rect().height)
camera = (camera_x, camera_y)
for item in self.tiles:
item.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
self.player.sprite.draw(self.display_surface, camera)
class Tile(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
self.image = pygame.Surface((tile_size,tile_size))
self.image.fill('grey')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
self.x = self.rect.x
self.y = self.rect.y
def update(self, x_shift, y_shift):
self.x += x_shift
self.y -= y_shift
self.rect.topleft = round(self.x), round(self.y)
def draw(self, screen, camera):
screen.blit(self.image, self.rect.move(camera))
class Player(pygame.sprite.Sprite):
def __init__(self,pos):
super().__init__()
# Image
self.image = pygame.Surface((32,64))
self.image.fill('red')
self.rect = self.image.get_rect(topleft = pos)
# Movement
self.direction = pygame.math.Vector2(0,0)
self.speed = 8
self.gravity = 0.8
self.jump_speed = -20
# Status
self.on_ground = False
def get_inputs(self):
keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()
if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
self.jump()
if keys[pygame.K_d] or keys[pygame.K_RIGHT]:
self.direction.x = 1
elif keys[pygame.K_a] or keys[pygame.K_LEFT]:
self.direction.x = -1
else:
self.direction.x = 0
def apply_gravity(self):
self.direction.y += self.gravity
self.rect.y += self.direction.y
def jump(self):
if self.on_ground:
self.direction.y = self.jump_speed
def update(self):
self.get_inputs()
def draw(self, screen, camera):
screen.blit(self.image, self.rect.move(camera))
# --- main ---
pygame.init()
# Settings
tile_size = 64
fov = 10
screen_width = 1200
screen_height = tile_size * fov
level_data = [
' ',
' ',
' XX ',
'XX XXX ',
'XX XX',
'XXXX XX ',
'XXXX P XX ',
'XX X XXX XX X ',
' X XXX XX XX ',
' XXXX XXXXX XX XXX',
'XXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXX']
# Game setup
screen = pygame.display.set_mode((screen_width,screen_height))
pygame.display.set_caption('Platformer')
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
game = Game()
# Main
while True:
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
pygame.quit()
sys.exit()
screen.fill('black')
game.run()
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(60)