Is createApplication() method required for Laravel Dusk test cases?

Question

I am attempting to set up Laravel Dusk in a Laravel 5.4 application. Executing php artisan dusk does not launch a browser window as shown in this guide and I am trying to figure out why. PHPStorm complains that the ExampleTest class created during execution of the php artisan dusk:install command must implement the createApplication() method, but I cannot find any mention of this method in:

1. The official Laravel guide
2. This Scotch.io guide
3. A search of all files within the Laravel application directory using PHPStorm's search function.

ExampleTest class is as follows:

class ExampleTest extends DuskTestCase
{
    /**
     * A basic browser test example.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function testBasicExample()
    {
        $this->browse(function ($browser) {
            $browser->visit('/')
                    ->assertSee('Laravel');
        });
    }
}

Answer 1

Yes, this is required.

One method to solve this is to simply add the code contained in the trait (from a later version of Laravel) to your DuskTestCase.

/**
 * Creates the application.
 *
 * @return \Illuminate\Foundation\Application
 */
public function createApplication()
{
    $app = require __DIR__.'/../bootstrap/app.php';

    $app->make(Kernel::class)->bootstrap();

    return $app;
}

Alternatively, you can create the CreatesApplication trait, paste the above code within in, and use CreatesApplication within your DuskTestCase.