Is there a way to communicate data between computers without while loops? C++

I have been struggling to try and find my answer for this on google, as I dont know the exact terms I am looking to search for.

If someone were to build an msn messenger-like program, is it possible to have always-open connections and no while(true) loop? If so, could someone point me in the direction of how this is achieved?

Solution

Using boost::asio library for socket handling, i think it is possible to define callbacks upon data reception.

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