After compiling a Kivy Application with Buildozer, it crashes on Android when run
Example:
"""
Not my actual code, just an example of the error
"""
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
KV = """
#: import ZBarCam kivy_garden.zbarcam.ZBarCam
#: import notification plyer.notification
ZBarCam:
id: zbarcam
on_symbols: [notification.notify(message=symbol.data.decode(), toast=True) for symbol in self.symbols]
"""
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return Builder.load_string(KV)
app = TestApp()
app.run()
buildozer.spec:
[app]
# (str) Title of your application
title = App
# (str) Package name
package.name = app
# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = com.app
# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .
# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,kv,png
# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png
# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec
# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin
# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg
# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 0.1
# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements =
python3,
sqlite3,
kivy==2.0.0,
kivymd==0.104.2,
plyer==2.0.0,
qrcode==7.1,
libiconv,
libzbar,
pillow==7.0.0,
pyzbar==0.1.8,
xcamera==2019.928,
zbarcam==2020.524,
# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy
# (list) Garden requirements
#garden_requirements =
# (str) Presplash of the application
presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/icon.png
# (str) Icon of the application
icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/icon.png
# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape, sensorLandscape, portrait or all)
orientation = portrait
# (list) List of service to declare
#services = NAME:ENTRYPOINT_TO_PY,NAME2:ENTRYPOINT2_TO_PY
#
# OSX Specific
#
#
# author = © Copyright Info
# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 3
# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 1.9.1
#
# Android specific
#
# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 0
# (string) Presplash background color (for new android toolchain)
# Supported formats are: #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB or one of the following names:
# red, blue, green, black, white, gray, cyan, magenta, yellow, lightgray,
# darkgray, grey, lightgrey, darkgrey, aqua, fuchsia, lime, maroon, navy,
# olive, purple, silver, teal.
#android.presplash_color = #FFFFFF
# (list) Permissions
android.permissions = CAMERA
# (int) Target Android API, should be as high as possible.
#android.api = 27
# (int) Minimum API your APK will support.
#android.minapi = 21
# (int) Android SDK version to use
#android.sdk = 20
# (str) Android NDK version to use
#android.ndk = 19b
# (int) Android NDK API to use. This is the minimum API your app will support, it should usually match android.minapi.
#android.ndk_api = 21
# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
#android.private_storage = True
# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path =
# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =
# (str) ANT directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ant_path =
# (bool) If True, then skip trying to update the Android sdk
# This can be useful to avoid excess Internet downloads or save time
# when an update is due and you just want to test/build your package
# android.skip_update = False
# (bool) If True, then automatically accept SDK license
# agreements. This is intended for automation only. If set to False,
# the default, you will be shown the license when first running
# buildozer.
# android.accept_sdk_license = False
# (str) Android entry point, default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.renpy.android.PythonActivity
# (str) Android app theme, default is ok for Kivy-based app
# android.apptheme = "@android:style/Theme.NoTitleBar"
# (list) Pattern to whitelist for the whole project
#android.whitelist =
# (str) Path to a custom whitelist file
#android.whitelist_src =
# (str) Path to a custom blacklist file
#android.blacklist_src =
# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don't add jars that you do not need, since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching, for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar
# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =
# (list) Android AAR archives to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.add_aars =
# (list) Gradle dependencies to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.gradle_dependencies =
# (list) add java compile options
# this can for example be necessary when importing certain java libraries using the 'android.gradle_dependencies' option
# see https://developer.android.com/studio/write/java8-support for further information
# android.add_compile_options = "sourceCompatibility = 1.8", "targetCompatibility = 1.8"
# (list) Gradle repositories to add {can be necessary for some android.gradle_dependencies}
# please enclose in double quotes
# e.g. android.gradle_repositories = "maven { url 'https://kotlin.bintray.com/ktor' }"
#android.add_gradle_repositories =
# (list) packaging options to add
# see https://google.github.io/android-gradle-dsl/current/com.android.build.gradle.internal.dsl.PackagingOptions.html
# can be necessary to solve conflicts in gradle_dependencies
# please enclose in double quotes
# e.g. android.add_packaging_options = "exclude 'META-INF/common.kotlin_module'", "exclude 'META-INF/*.kotlin_module'"
#android.add_gradle_repositories =
# (list) Java classes to add as activities to the manifest.
#android.add_activities = com.example.ExampleActivity
# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank, OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = GAME
# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png
# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters =
# (str) launchMode to set for the main activity
#android.manifest.launch_mode = standard
# (list) Android additional libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
#android.add_libs_armeabi_v7a = libs/android-v7/*.so
#android.add_libs_arm64_v8a = libs/android-v8/*.so
#android.add_libs_x86 = libs/android-x86/*.so
#android.add_libs_mips = libs/android-mips/*.so
# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don't forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False
# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =
# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =
# (list) Android shared libraries which will be added to AndroidManifest.xml using <uses-library> tag
#android.uses_library =
# (str) Android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D
# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1
# (str) The Android arch to build for, choices: armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64
android.arch = armeabi-v7a
# (int) overrides automatic versionCode computation (used in build.gradle)
# this is not the same as app version and should only be edited if you know what you're doing
# android.numeric_version = 1
#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#
# (str) python-for-android fork to use, defaults to upstream (kivy)
#p4a.fork = kivy
# (str) python-for-android branch to use, defaults to master
#p4a.branch = master
# (str) python-for-android git clone directory (if empty, it will be automatically cloned from github)
#p4a.source_dir =
# (str) The directory in which python-for-android should look for your own build recipes (if any)
#p4a.local_recipes =
# (str) Filename to the hook for p4a
#p4a.hook =
# (str) Bootstrap to use for android builds
# p4a.bootstrap = sdl2
# (int) port number to specify an explicit --port= p4a argument (eg for bootstrap flask)
#p4a.port =
#
# iOS specific
#
# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios
# Alternately, specify the URL and branch of a git checkout:
ios.kivy_ios_url = https://github.com/kivy/kivy-ios
ios.kivy_ios_branch = master
# Another platform dependency: ios-deploy
# Uncomment to use a custom checkout
#ios.ios_deploy_dir = ../ios_deploy
# Or specify URL and branch
ios.ios_deploy_url = https://github.com/phonegap/ios-deploy
ios.ios_deploy_branch = 1.7.0
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s
[buildozer]
# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2
# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False, 1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1
# (str) Path to build artifact storage, absolute or relative to spec file
# build_dir = ./.buildozer
# (str) Path to build output (i.e. .apk, .ipa) storage
# bin_dir = ./bin
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# List as sections
#
# You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
# Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
# Let's take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
# Instead of doing:
#
#[app]
#source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
# This can be translated into:
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns]
#license
#data/audio/*.wav
#data/images/original/*
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Profiles
#
# You can extend section / key with a profile
# For example, you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
# HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
# and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
#[app@demo]
#title = My Application (demo)
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns@demo]
#images/hd/*
#
# Then, invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
#buildozer --profile demo android debug
Log:
2021-07-24 16:31:37.175 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: Traceback (most recent call last):
2021-07-24 16:31:37.175 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/app/main.py", line 413, in <module>
2021-07-24 16:31:37.177 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/app.py", line 949, in run
2021-07-24 16:31:37.178 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/app.py", line 919, in _run_prepare
2021-07-24 16:31:37.180 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/app/main.py", line 385, in build
2021-07-24 16:31:37.181 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/screenmanager.py", line 973, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.183 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/floatlayout.py", line 65, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.184 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/layout.py", line 76, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.187 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/widget.py", line 359, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.189 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/widget.py", line 463, in apply_class_lang_rules
2021-07-24 16:31:37.190 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 541, in apply
2021-07-24 16:31:37.192 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 661, in _apply_rule
2021-07-24 16:31:37.193 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/uix/widget.py", line 463, in apply_class_lang_rules
2021-07-24 16:31:37.195 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 541, in apply
2021-07-24 16:31:37.196 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 663, in _apply_rule
2021-07-24 16:31:37.198 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 659, in _apply_rule
2021-07-24 16:31:37.200 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy_garden/zbarcam/zbarcam.py", line 31, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.202 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 306, in load_file
2021-07-24 16:31:37.203 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 373, in load_string
2021-07-24 16:31:37.205 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/parser.py", line 402, in __init__
2021-07-24 16:31:37.207 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/parser.py", line 508, in parse
2021-07-24 16:31:37.209 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy/lang/parser.py", line 472, in execute_directives
2021-07-24 16:31:37.210 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy_garden/xcamera/__init__.py", line 15, in <module>
2021-07-24 16:31:37.212 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy_garden/xcamera/xcamera.py", line 13, in <module>
2021-07-24 16:31:37.213 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy_garden/xcamera/platform_api.py", line 14, in <module>
2021-07-24 16:31:37.215 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/kivy_garden/xcamera/android_api.py", line 7, in <module>
2021-07-24 16:31:37.216 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "/mnt/c/Users/[user]/IdeaProjects/app/.buildozer/android/platform/build-armeabi-v7a/build/python-installs/app/jnius/reflect.py", line 208, in autoclass
2021-07-24 16:31:37.218 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: File "jnius/jnius_export_func.pxi", line 28, in jnius.jnius.find_javaclass
2021-07-24 16:31:37.220 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: jnius.jnius.JavaException: Class not found b'org/renpy/android/PythonActivity'
2021-07-24 16:31:37.220 1679-1705/com.app.app I/python: Python for android ended.
The app ran completely fine on my computer but shows this error when running on Android. Many solutions I have found involve errors caused by directly interfacing with pyjnius, but since I am just using Kivy and Buildozer, they did not solve my issue
In order for everything to work correctly and the example below to run, you need to perform the following steps:
On your PC:
sudo apt install -y gettext
buildozer.spec:
requirements =
android,
kivy,
libiconv,
libzbar,
Pillow,
plyer,
pyzbar,
zbarcam,
xcamera
osx.python_version = 3
android.permissions = CAMERA
android.arch = armeabi-v7a
# I recommend to uncomment this arguments in your `.spec` file
p4a.branch = develop
p4a.bootstrap = sdl2
Do not forget to run this command before assembling - buildozer android clean
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder
from kivy import platform
from kivy_garden.zbarcam import ZBarCam
from plyer import notification
if platform == 'android':
from android.permissions import request_permissions, Permission
request_permissions([Permission.CAMERA])
KV = """
Screen:
ZBarCam:
on_symbols: app.notify(self)
"""
class TestApp(App):
def build(self):
return Builder.load_string(KV)
def notify(self, instance):
kwargs = {'title': "Plyer Notification Example", 'message': 'Message', 'toast': True}
for symbol in instance.symbols:
kwargs['message'] = symbol.data.decode()
notification.notify(**kwargs)
app = TestApp()
app.run()