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c++templatesc++20c++-conceptstype-deduction

Why is the C++20 concept not compatible with "const auto&"?

template<typename T>
concept Octet = 1 == sizeof(T);

// ok
Octet decltype(auto) c = 'a';

// ok
void f1(const auto&) {}

// ok
void f2(Octet auto) {}

// ok
void f3(Octet auto&&) {}

// error: expected ‘auto’ or ‘decltype(auto)’ after ‘Octet’
void f4(Octet const auto&) {}

// error: cannot declare a parameter with ‘decltype(auto)’
void f5(Octet decltype(auto)) {}

Compiled with gcc-11 -std=c++20. See: https://godbolt.org/z/xK769Pfjn

Why do f4 and f5 not work?

Solution

  • As seen in [dcl.spec.auto], when you use a placeholder here, the constraint needs to immediately precede the auto:

    placeholder-type-specifier:
    type-constraint_opt auto
    type-constraint_opt decltype ( auto )

    This is simply a matter of syntax. The constraint isn't a general specifier like const is; it doesn't have a flexible position. Conceptually, you can think of Octet auto as one "word" representing the constrained type.

    As for f5, this is not allowed as a parameter per p2:

    A placeholder-type-specifier of the form "type-constraint_opt auto" can be used as a decl-specifier of the decl-specifier-seq of a parameter-declaration of a function declaration...

    No such text exists for decltype(auto). In addition, per p6:

    A program that uses a placeholder type in a context not explicitly allowed in this subclause is ill-formed.

    Logically, I'm not sure how I'd specify decltype(auto) to work in this context. Sure, it could be specified, but I don't think there's precedent in the language for it, so it would need to be motivated over an alternative that already has the desired effect.