We use Chocolately in our Azure Pipelines setup. Chocolatey startup seems to take an unpredictable amount of time: it could be as short as seconds or as long as minutes.
In this example it took 13 seconds, while in this one it took 2 minutes 20 seconds. It always gets stuck after the output line "Chocolatey v0.10.15", i.e. it seems that it is not package installation that takes long, but Chocolatey startup.
Questions:
After checking your logs, we find the faster one used the agent 'WIN-EHTFAB4ECBV', but the another one used the agent 'fv-az238-568'. Since they use different self-agent, your issue may be caused by machine performance. You can try to use the demands to help you select the specified agent to run this pipeline.