I have been recently been trying to get started with GTKmm on my MacBook, and I have installed lots of the dependencies using Homebrew. However, when I go to compile my program, I get this error:
Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
"HelloWorld::HelloWorld()", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
"HelloWorld::~HelloWorld()", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
"Gtk::Application::run(Gtk::Window&)", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
"Gtk::Application::create(int&, char**&, Glib::ustring const&, Gio::ApplicationFlags)", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
"Glib::ustring::ustring(char const*)", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
"Glib::ustring::~ustring()", referenced from:
_main in main-88dc5e.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
My program is this:
helloworld.h:
#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLE_HELLOWORLD_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLE_HELLOWORLD_H
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/button.h>
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/window.h>
class HelloWorld : public Gtk::Window {
public:
HelloWorld();
virtual ~HelloWorld();
protected:
//Signal handlers:
void on_button_clicked();
//Member widgets:
Gtk::Button m_button;
};
#endif
helloworld.cpp:
#include "helloworld.h"
#include <iostream>
HelloWorld::HelloWorld()
: m_button("Hello World") // creates a new button with label "Hello World".
{
// Sets the border width of the window.
set_border_width(10);
// When the button receives the "clicked" signal, it will call the
// on_button_clicked() method defined below.
m_button.signal_clicked().connect(sigc::mem_fun(*this,
&HelloWorld::on_button_clicked));
// This packs the button into the Window (a container).
add(m_button);
// The final step is to display this newly created widget...
m_button.show();
}
main.cpp:
#include "helloworld.h"
#include <gtkmm-3.0/gtkmm/application.h>
int main (int argc, char *argv[]) {
auto app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example");
HelloWorld helloworld;
//Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
return app->run(helloworld);
}
...which comes from here.
I am using a Makefile to include all of the Homebrew-installed libraries:
# the Makefile for the helloworld GTK+ example
cellar=/usr/local/Cellar
inc_dir=/usr/local/include
gtk_inc=$(cellar)/gtk+3/3.24.25/include/gtk-3.0
gtk_lib=$(cellar)/gtk+3/3.24.25/lib
gtkmm_inc=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/include/gtkmm-3.0
gtkmm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/lib/gtkmm-3.0/include
gtkmm_lib=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/lib
glibmm_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/include/glibmm-2.4
glibmm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/lib/glibmm-2.4/include
glibmm_lib=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/lib
glib_inc=$(cellar)/glib/2.66.7/include/glib-2.0
glib_lib_inc=$(cellar)/glib/2.66.7/lib/glib-2.0/include
glib_lib=$(cellar)/glib/2.66.7/lib
sigcpp_inc=$(cellar)/libsigc++@2/2.10.6/include/sigc++-2.0/sigc++
sigcpp_inc_parent=$(cellar)/libsigc++@2/2.10.6/include/sigc++-2.0
sigcpp_lib_inc=$(cellar)/libsigc++@2/2.10.6/lib/sigc++-2.0/include
sigcpp_lib=$(cellar)/libsigc++@2/2.10.6/lib
gdkmm_inc=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/include/gdkmm-3.0
gdkmm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/lib/gdkmm-3.0/include
gdlmm_lib=$(cellar)/gtkmm3/3.24.3_3/lib
pango_inc=$(cellar)/pango/1.48.2/include/pango-1.0
#pango_lib_inc=$(cellar)/pango/1.48.2/lib
pango_lib=$(cellar)/pango/1.48.2/lib
pangomm_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.46.0/include/pangomm-1.4
pangomm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.46.0/lib/pangomm-1.4/include
pangomm_lib=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.46.0/lib
harfbuzz_inc=$(cellar)/harfbuzz/2.7.4/include/harfbuzz
harfbuzz_lib=$(cellar)/harfbuzz/2.7.4/lib
cairo_inc=$(cellar)/cairo/1.16.0_4/include/cairo
cairo_lib=$(cellar)/cairo/1.16.0_4/lib
cairomm_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/1.14.2/include/cairomm-1.0
cairomm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/1.14.2/lib/cairomm-1.0/include
cairomm_lib=$(cellar)/[email protected]/1.14.2/lib
freetype_inc=$(cellar)/freetype/2.10.4/include/freetype2
freetype_lib=$(cellar)/freetype/2.10.4/lib
atk_inc=$(cellar)/atk/2.36.0/include/atk-1.0
atk_lib=$(cellar)/atk/2.36.0/lib
atkmm_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.28.1_1/include/atkmm-1.6
atkmm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.28.1_1/lib/atkmm-1.6/include
atkmm_lib=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.28.1_1/lib
gdk-pixbuf_inc=$(cellar)/gdk-pixbuf/2.42.2/include/gdk-pixbuf-2.0
gdk-pixbuf_lib=$(cellar)/gdk-pixbuf/2.42.2/lib
giomm_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/include/giomm-2.4
giomm_lib_inc=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/lib/giomm-2.4/include
giomm_lib=$(cellar)/[email protected]/2.66.0/lib
INC_LIST=$(gtk_inc) \
$(gtkmm_inc) \
$(gtkmm_lib_inc) \
$(glibmm_inc) \
$(glibmm_lib_inc) \
$(glib_inc) \
$(glib_lib_inc) \
$(sigcpp_inc) \
$(sigcpp_inc_parent) \
$(sigcpp_lib_inc) \
$(gdkmm_inc) \
$(gdkmm_lib_inc) \
$(pango_inc) \
$(pangomm_inc) \
$(pangomm_lib_inc) \
$(harfbuzz_inc) \
$(cairo_inc) \
$(cairomm_inc) \
$(cairomm_lib_inc) \
$(freetype_inc) \
$(atk_inc) \
$(atkmm_inc) \
$(atkmm_lib_inc) \
$(gdk-pixbuf_inc) \
$(giomm_inc) \
$(giomm_lib_inc)
INC=$(foreach d, $(INC_LIST), -I$d)
LIB_LIST=$(gtk_lib) \
$(gtkmm_lib) \
$(glibmm_lib) \
$(glib_lib) \
$(sigcpp_lib) \
$(gdkmm_lib) \
$(pango_lib) \
$(pangomm_lib) \
$(harfbuzz_lib) \
$(cairo_lib) \
$(cairomm_lib) \
$(freetype_lib) \
$(atk_lib) \
$(atkmm_lib) \
$(gdk-pixbuf_lib) \
$(giomm_lib)
LIB=$(foreach d, $(LIB_LIST), -L$d)
default: main
main: main.cpp
g++ -std=c++17 $(INC) $(LIB) main.cpp -o helloworld
clean:
rm helloworld
I don't really understand this error. What does it mean? What do I need to do to solve it?
Thank you for your help.
Update: Tried linking the library .dylib files, but I am still getting the same exact error.
You are missing helloworld.cpp in your Makefile. It should be next to main.cpp