Why is there a difference in the state vectors, but there is no difference in the visualizations?
Is there any other visualization to show the differences?
qiskit: 0.23.3
python: 3.8
circuit-1 + statevector:
q_0:
[1.+0.j 0.+0.j] ==> +1
circuit-2 + statevector
┌───┐┌───┐┌───┐┌───┐┌───┐
q_0: ┤ X ├┤ H ├┤ X ├┤ H ├┤ X ├
└───┘└───┘└───┘└───┘└───┘
[-1.+0.j -0.-0.j] ==> -1
Code example
import numpy as np
from qiskit import *
import qiskit.tools.visualization as vis
import matplotlib. pyplot as plt
from qiskit import Aer
circ = QuantumCircuit(1)
circ.x(0)
circ.h(0)
circ.x(0)
circ.h(0)
circ.x(0)
backend = Aer.get_backend('statevector_simulator')
result = execute(circ, backend).result()
statevector = result.get_statevector()
vis.plot_bloch_multivector(statevector)
vis.plot_state_city(statevector)
vis.plot_state_qsphere(statevector)
vis.plot_state_paulivec(statevector)
circ.draw(output='mpl')
print(np.around(statevector,5))
plt.show()
It seems like a bug to me (I reported here)
In any case, I recommend you Kaleidoscope to visualize states. It has interactive graphs. Here is your example (refactor for shortness):
from qiskit import QuantumCircuit
from qiskit.quantum_info import Statevector
from kaleidoscope import qsphere
circ = QuantumCircuit(1)
circ.x(0)
circ.h(0)
circ.x(0)
circ.h(0)
circ.x(0)
state = Statevector.from_instruction(circ)
qsphere(state)
Compare the color with the other example:
circ = QuantumCircuit(1)
state = Statevector.from_instruction(circ)
qsphere(state)
The difference in color is the phase. In the first case is π.