System.DirectoryServices.AccountManagement can be extended to support additional properties for reading and writing AD properties.
Is anyone aware of a full/complete sample implementation that works for AD, Exchange 2003 or 2010?
There isn't anything online that I know of, but you are welcome to my collection (which I've included).
One thing you'll probably notice about my code is that I've almost completely replaced the standard get/set operations with my own code which writes directly to the underlying DirectoryEntry. This is because the built in set operation is not designed to handle data types which are arrays of arrays (such as the jpegPhoto attribute which is an array of byte arrays, with each byte array representing a picture).
First is a bunch of extension methods which I use for my various get/set operations.
''' <summary>
''' Checks if an attribute is available on the underlying object.
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function IsAttributeDefined(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Boolean
'since some attributes may not exist in all schemas check to see if it exists first
Dim uo As DirectoryEntry = DirectCast(prin.GetUnderlyingObject(), DirectoryEntry)
'check for property, if it's not found return an empty array
Return uo.Properties.Contains(attribute)
End Function
#Region "Get Helpers"
''' <summary>
''' This function is the foundation for retrieving data
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetAttributeObject(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Object()
'check if the attribute exists on this object
If IsAttributeDefined(prin, attribute) Then
'if property exists then return the data
Dim dirObj As DirectoryEntry = prin.GetUnderlyingObject()
Dim val As Object() = (From c As Object In dirObj.Properties(attribute) Select c).ToArray()
Return val
Else
'return an empty array if the attribute is not defined
Return New Object(-1) {}
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' This is the primary function for retrieving attributes that contain only one value
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetSingleValue(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Object
'get the object
Dim attributeValues() As Object = ExtensionGetAttributeObject(prin, attribute)
'if the item length = 1 then return the first value, else don't
If attributeValues.Length = 1 Then
Return attributeValues(0)
Else
Return Nothing
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Returns the string value of an attribute
''' </summary>
''' <remarks>(null if no value found)</remarks>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetSingleString(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As String
Dim o As Object = ExtensionGetSingleValue(prin, attribute)
If o IsNot Nothing Then
Return o.ToString()
Else
Return String.Empty
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Returns all of the strings contained in a multi-value attribute
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetMultipleString(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As String()
'get the object array for this attribute
Dim attributeValues() As Object = ExtensionGetAttributeObject(prin, attribute)
'create a string array of the same length as the object array
Dim array As String() = New String(attributeValues.Length - 1) {}
'and copy over all items, converting them to strings as we go
For i As Integer = 0 To attributeValues.Length - 1
array(i) = attributeValues(i).ToString()
Next
'return the string array
Return array
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Returns the date value of an attribute
''' </summary>
''' <remarks>(null if no value found)</remarks>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetSingleDate(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As String
Dim o As Object = ExtensionGetSingleValue(prin, attribute)
If o IsNot Nothing Then
Dim dt As DateTime = Convert.ToDateTime(o)
Return dt
Else
Return Nothing
End If
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Returns the principle represented by a column containing a single distinguished name
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetSingleDistinguishedName(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Principal
'get the distinguished name of the object as a string
Dim dn As String = ExtensionGetSingleString(prin, attribute)
'check for null
If String.IsNullOrEmpty(dn) Then
Return Nothing
End If
'get the principal represented by the DN
Dim prinF As Principal = Principal.FindByIdentity(prin.Context, dn)
'if it exists then prepare to return it
If prinF IsNot Nothing Then
'if the object is a userprincipal then get the user detailed principal for it.
If TypeOf prinF Is UserPrincipal Then
prinF = UserDetailedPrinciple.FindByIdentity(prin.Context, prinF.Name)
End If
'return the principal
Return prinF
End If
'if all else fails return nothing
Return Nothing
End Function
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetMultipleDistinguishedNames(ByVal prinParent As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Principal()
'get the distinguished name of the object as a string
Dim dn() As String = ExtensionGetMultipleString(prinParent, attribute)
'array to hold list of principles
Dim al As New List(Of Principal)()
For Each d As String In dn
'get the principal represented by the DN
Dim prin As Principal = Principal.FindByIdentity(prinParent.Context, d)
'if it exists then prepare to return it
If prin IsNot Nothing Then
'if the object is a userprincipal then get the user detailed principal for it.
If TypeOf prin Is UserPrincipal Then
prin = UserDetailedPrinciple.FindByIdentity(prin.Context, prin.Name)
ElseIf TypeOf prin Is GroupPrincipal Then
prin = GroupPrincipal.FindByIdentity(prin.Context, prin.Name)
End If
'return the principal
al.Add(prin)
End If
Next
'return list of principles
Return al.ToArray()
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Gets the bytes contained in an Octet String
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtentsionGetBytes(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Byte()
'get the data
Dim o As Object = ExtensionGetSingleValue(prin, attribute)
'check for nulls
If o Is Nothing Then
Return Nothing
End If
'get the byte array
Dim byteArray() As Byte = DirectCast(o, Byte())
'return the data
Return byteArray
End Function
''' <summary>
''' Gets the image contained in an Octet String type attribute
''' </summary>
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetImage(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Image
'get bytes for attribute
Dim bytearray() As Byte = ExtentsionGetBytes(prin, attribute)
'if none returned return nothing
If bytearray Is Nothing Then
Return Nothing
End If
'read the bytes into a memory stream
Dim ms As New MemoryStream(bytearray)
'convert the memory stream to a bitmap and return it
Return New Bitmap(ms)
End Function
<Extension()> _
Public Function ExtensionGetImages(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String) As Image()
'get all values in attribute
Dim vals() As Object = ExtensionGetAttributeObject(prin, attribute)
'array to hold images to be returned
Dim al As New List(Of Image)()
For Each o As Object In vals
'get bytes
Dim bytearray() As Byte = DirectCast(o, Byte())
'if no data skip entry
If bytearray Is Nothing Then
Continue For
End If
'read the bytes into a memory stream
Dim ms As New MemoryStream(bytearray)
'convert the memory stream to a bitmap and add to the array
al.Add(New Bitmap(ms))
Next
'return the list of images as an array.
Return al.ToArray()
End Function
#End Region
#Region "Set Helpers"
Private Sub ExtensionSetDE(ByVal de As DirectoryEntry, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal value As Object)
'check value, if it's null then don't add (null means clear only)
If value IsNot Nothing Then
de.Properties(attribute).Add(value)
End If
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetValue(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal value As Object)
Dim uo As DirectoryEntry = prin.GetUnderlyingObject()
uo.Properties(attribute).Clear()
ExtensionSetDE(uo, attribute, value)
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetStringValue(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal value As String)
If String.IsNullOrEmpty(value) Then
value = Nothing
End If
ExtensionSetValue(prin, attribute, value)
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetMultipleValueDirect(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal values() As Object)
'Normal ExtensionSet does not support saving array type values (octet string)
' so we set it directly on the underlying object
Dim uo As DirectoryEntry = prin.GetUnderlyingObject()
uo.Properties(attribute).Clear()
If values IsNot Nothing Then
For Each v As Object In values
ExtensionSetDE(uo, attribute, v)
Next
End If
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetImage(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal img As Image)
'set data to attribute
ExtensionSetValue(prin, attribute, img.SaveImageToByteArray())
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetImages(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal img() As Image)
'array list to hold the values temporarily
Dim al As New ArrayList()
'convert each image into a byte array
For Each i As Image In img
al.Add(i.SaveImageToByteArray())
Next
'set image array as value on attribute
ExtensionSetMultipleValueDirect(prin, attribute, al.ToArray())
End Sub
<Extension()> _
Public Function SaveImageToByteArray(ByVal img As Image) As Byte()
'create a memory strea
Dim ms As New MemoryStream()
'write the image to the stream
img.Save(ms, Imaging.ImageFormat.Jpeg)
'save data to a byte array
Dim bytes() As Byte = ms.ToArray()
Return bytes
End Function
<Extension()> _
Public Sub ExtensionSetMultipleDistinguishedNames(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal attribute As String, ByVal dns() As Principal)
'convert user principles into distinguished names
Dim sc As New ArrayList()
For Each u As UserDetailedPrinciple In dns
sc.Add(u.DistinguishedName)
Next
ExtensionSetMultipleValueDirect(prin, attribute, sc.ToArray())
End Sub
''' <summary>
''' Helps set the Thumbnail photo by resizing main photo and also saving original (possibly resized to 300xvariable)
''' to JpegPhoto.
''' </summary>
''' <param name="imgO">The iamge to use as the users thumbnail photo</param>
''' <remarks>You still NEED to call .Save() after calling this sub
''' as this sub does not call save().
''' </remarks>
<Extension()> _
Public Sub SetUserPhoto(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal imgO As Image)
'resize the image for thumbnail
Dim imgN As Bitmap = ResizeImage(imgO, 100)
'check if we need to resize for medium sized image (300px high max
Dim imgM As Bitmap
If imgO.Height > 300 Then
imgM = ResizeImage(imgO, 300)
Else
imgM = imgO
End If
'save small image to the users profile
ExtensionSetImage(prin, "thumbnailPhoto", imgN)
'save original to the jpegPhoto attribute
ExtensionSetImages(prin, "jpegPhoto", New Image() {imgM})
End Sub
Private Function ResizeImage(ByVal imgO As Bitmap, ByVal Height As Integer) As Bitmap
'if the image is smaller/equal to the requested height return original
If imgO.Height <= Height Then
Return imgO
End If
'images are fixedHeightxVariable, so we need to calculate the variable portion
Dim width As Integer = (Convert.ToDecimal(imgO.Width) / Convert.ToDecimal(imgO.Height)) * Height
'resize the image
Dim imgN As New Bitmap(width, Height)
Dim g As Graphics = Graphics.FromImage(imgN)
g.SmoothingMode = Drawing2D.SmoothingMode.AntiAlias
g.InterpolationMode = Drawing2D.InterpolationMode.HighQualityBicubic
'draw in resized form
g.DrawImage(imgO, 0, 0, width, Height)
'return resized image
Return imgN
End Function
<Extension()> _
Public Function Rename(ByVal prin As Principal, ByVal NewName As String) As Principal
'escape commas
NewName = NewName.Replace(",", "\,")
'get directory object for move
Dim de As DirectoryEntry = prin.GetUnderlyingObject()
'move
de.Rename(String.Format("CN={0}", NewName))
de.CommitChanges()
'get the new object by name and return it
Return New ADConnection(prin.Context).GetPrincipalByName(prin.Guid.ToString())
End Function
#End Region
Here is the code in action in my custion UserPrinciple:
<DirectoryObjectClass("user")> _
<DirectoryRdnPrefix("CN")> _
Public Class UserDetailedPrinciple
Inherits UserPrincipal
<DirectoryProperty("initials")> _
Public Property MiddleInitial() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("initials")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("initials", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("wWWHomePage")> _
Public Property HomePage() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("wWWHomePage")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("wWWHomePage", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("url")> _
Public Property URLs() As String()
Get
Return ExtensionGetMultipleString("url")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String())
ExtensionSetMultipleValueDirect("url", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("info")> _
Public Property Notes() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("info")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("info", value)
End Set
End Property
Public ReadOnly Property ObjectType() As String
Get
Dim types() As String = ExtensionGetMultipleString("objectClass")
Return types.Last()
End Get
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("thumbnailPhoto")> _
Public Property ThumbnailPhoto() As Image
Get
Return ExtensionGetImage("thumbnailPhoto")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Image)
ExtensionSetImage("thumbnailPhoto", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("thumbnailLogo")> _
Public Property ThumbnailLogo() As Image
Get
Return ExtensionGetImage("thumbnailLogo")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Image)
ExtensionSetImage("thumbnailLogo", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("jpegPhoto")> _
Public Property JpegPhoto() As Image()
Get
Return ExtensionGetImages("jpegPhoto")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Image())
ExtensionSetImages("jpegPhoto", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("title")> _
Public Property Title() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("title")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("title", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("department")> _
Public Property Department() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("department")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("department", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("company")> _
Public Property Company() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("company")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("company", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("manager")> _
Public Property Manager() As UserDetailedPrinciple
Get
Dim mgr As UserDetailedPrinciple = ExtensionGetSingleDistinguishedName("manager")
If mgr IsNot Nothing Then
If Me.Guid <> mgr.Guid Then
Return mgr
End If
End If
Return Nothing
End Get
Set(ByVal value As UserDetailedPrinciple)
'check for nulls
If value Is Nothing Then
ExtensionSetStringValue("manager", Nothing)
Else
ExtensionSetStringValue("manager", value.DistinguishedName)
End If
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("assistant")> _
Public Property Assistant() As UserDetailedPrinciple
Get
Dim assist As UserDetailedPrinciple = ExtensionGetSingleDistinguishedName("assistant")
If assist IsNot Nothing Then
Return assist
End If
Return Nothing
End Get
Set(ByVal value As UserDetailedPrinciple)
'check for nulls
If value Is Nothing Then
ExtensionSetStringValue("assistant", Nothing)
Else
ExtensionSetStringValue("assistant", value.DistinguishedName)
End If
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("directReports")> _
Public Property DirectReports() As Principal()
Get
Dim dReports As Principal() = ExtensionGetMultipleDistinguishedNames("directReports")
Return dReports
End Get
Set(ByVal value As Principal())
ExtensionSetMultipleDistinguishedNames("directReports", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("homePhone")> _
Public Property HomePhone() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("homePhone")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("homePhone", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("pager")> _
Public Property Pager() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("pager")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("pager", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("otherTelephone")> _
Public Property OtherTelephone() As String()
Get
Return ExtensionGetMultipleString("otherTelephone")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String())
ExtensionSetMultipleValueDirect("otherTelephone", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("physicalDeliveryOfficeName")> _
Public Property PhysicalLocation() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("physicalDeliveryOfficeName")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("physicalDeliveryOfficeName", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("l")> _
Public Property AddressCity() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("l")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("l", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("postOfficeBox")> _
Public Property AddressPOBox() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("postOfficeBox")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("postOfficeBox", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("st")> _
Public Property AddressState() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("st")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("st", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("streetAddress")> _
Public Property Address() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("streetAddress")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("streetAddress", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("postalCode")> _
Public Property AddressZipCode() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("postalCode")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("postalCode", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("c")> _
Public Property AddressCountry() As String
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleString("c")
End Get
Set(ByVal value As String)
ExtensionSetStringValue("c", value)
End Set
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("whenCreated")> _
Public ReadOnly Property Created() As Nullable(Of DateTime)
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleDate("whenCreated")
End Get
End Property
<DirectoryProperty("whenChanged")> _
Public ReadOnly Property LastModified() As Nullable(Of DateTime)
Get
Return ExtensionGetSingleDate("whenChanged")
End Get
End Property
Public Sub New()
MyBase.New(ADConnection.CurrentADPrincipalContext)
End Sub
Public Sub New(ByVal context As PrincipalContext)
MyBase.New(context)
End Sub
Public Overloads Shared Function FindByIdentity(ByVal context As PrincipalContext, ByVal identityValue As String) As UserDetailedPrinciple
Return DirectCast(Principal.FindByIdentityWithType(context, GetType(UserDetailedPrinciple), identityValue), UserDetailedPrinciple)
End Function
Public Overloads Shared Function FindByIdentity(ByVal context As PrincipalContext, ByVal identityType As IdentityType, ByVal identityValue As String) As UserDetailedPrinciple
Return DirectCast(Principal.FindByIdentityWithType(context, GetType(UserDetailedPrinciple), identityType, identityValue), UserDetailedPrinciple)
End Function
End Class