As a prebuild task, I would like to backup the output file produced by program in earlier debug session. I was thinking if vscode has a predefined variable which creates random string (or guid) to use as filename (or prefix).
In extension Command Variable v1.8.0 is a command that you can use to create a UUID v4 for use in Tasks, Launch and the editor.
For your tasks.json
use the following variable
${command:extension.commandvariable.UUID}
See the extension page if you need it in the editor or in a keybinding