Laravel Many-to-Many Factory with custom id type

Question

I am using Laravel 8 and trying to make database factories/seeders I am having some issues.

I have the following database Schema:

Schema::create('authors', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->string('first_name');
    $table->string('last_name');
    $table->timestamps();
});

Schema::create('books', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->char('isbn', 13)->unique('isbn');
    $table->string('title');
    $table->string('edition');
    $table->date('release_date');
    $table->string('image');
    $table->timestamps();
});

//Create pivot table for author since its many to many relationship.
Schema::create('author_book', function (Blueprint $table) {
    $table->id();
    $table->unsignedBigInteger('author_id');
    $table->char('book_id', 13);
    $table->foreign('author_id')->references('id')->on('authors')->onDelete('cascade');
    $table->foreign('book_id')->references('isbn')->on('books')->onDelete('cascade');
});

Now I am trying to create factories and database seeders but I get an error using the following line to seed:

Book::factory()
    ->has(Author::factory()->count(2))
    ->create();

This gives me the following error:

Integrity constraint violation: 1452 Cannot add or update a child row: a foreign key constraint fails
(`bokel`.`author_book`, CONSTRAINT `author_book_book_id_foreign` FOREIGN KEY (`book_id`) REFERENCES `books` (`isbn`) ON DELETE CASCADE)
(SQL: insert into `author_book` (`author_id`, `book_id`) values (1, 0), (2, 0))

Which is if I understand it correctly because an isbn number is excpected but laravel just puts an integer into the pivot table. What would be the best way to solve this? I was thinking something like this but that doesn't work either.

Book::factory()
    ->has(Author::factory()->count(2), function (array $attributes, Book $book) {
        return ['book_id' => $book->isbn];
    })
    ->create();

The Factory definitions are the following:

public function definition()
{
    return [
        'isbn' => $this->faker->unique()->isbn13,
        'title' => $this->faker->sentence,
        'edition' => $this->faker->numberBetween(1, 10),
        'release_date' => $this->faker->date(),
        'image' => $this->faker->imageUrl(),
    ];
}

public function definition()
{
    return [
        'first_name' => $this->faker->firstName,
        'last_name' => $this->faker->lastName
    ];
}

Answer 1

As I mentioned in the comment I think your problem is relation in your Book model.

In your Book model you need:

public function authors()
{
    return $this->belongsToMany(Author::class,
        'author_book', 'book_id', 'author_id', 'isbn', 'id')
        ->using(AuthorBook::class);
}

Try like that and if this doesn't solve your problem I'll delete the answer.

Take a look in the docs, and check link has many relationships in Many to Many section.

Good luck!