Although Python is really slow I want to try to make a 3D game engine in pygame. And I already have a problem: display flickers when I add more than just one object. You can view my code here (to view the result you need to run the test.py file, tdge.py functions as a library). How can I make it more efficient? Here is the main part of this code:
# this function handles the drawing objects on the display
def draw(game, object):
# updating the background if game.update is True
if game.update:
if game.image_path: game.win.blit(game.image, (0, 0))
else: game.win.fill(game.color)
# checking the type of the given object
if type(object) == Cube:
# getting the height of the game window
height = game.win.get_height()
# getting the width of the game window
width = game.win.get_width()
# getting the X distance between the object and the user
distanceX = game.position[0] - object.position[0]
# getting the Z distance between the object and the user
distanceZ = game.position[2] - object.position[2]
# setting the size of the object that user will actually see
display_size = []
for size in object.size:
if game.position[2] < object.position[2]:
display_size.append(size / distanceZ * 1000)
else: display_size.append(0)
# creating a position list, storing the position of an object on a 3D coordinate plane
position = [width / 2 - distanceX - display_size[0] / 2, height / 2 - object.position[1] - display_size[1] / 2, object.position[2]]
# if player is not "inside" of the object
if game.position[0] > position[0] + object.size[0] / 2 or \
game.position[0] < position[0] - object.size[0] / 2 and \
game.position[1] > position[1] + object.size[1] / 2 or \
game.position[1] < position[1] - object.size[1] / 2 and \
game.position[2] > position[2] + object.size[2] / 2 or \
game.position[2] < position[2] - object.size[2] / 2:
# if the rotation of the player is [0, 0, 0]
if game.rotation == [0, 0, 0]:
# if the rotation of the object is [0, 0, 0]
if object.rotation == [0, 0, 0]:
# drawing a 2D rectangle
pygame.draw.rect(game.win, object.color, ((position[0], position[1]), (display_size[0], display_size[1])))
# if rotation of the object is not [0, 0, 0]
else:
# if the object is rotated on Y axis
if object.rotation[1] != 0:
# getting the sizes on X axis
y_rotation = object.rotation[1]
percent = 100 / (90 / y_rotation)
x_size = display_size[0]
x0 = x_size / 100 * percent
x1 = x_size - x0
number = 255 - (255 / 100 * percent)
# setting the RGB values
color0 = object.color[0] - number if object.color[0] >= number else 0
color1 = object.color[1] - number if object.color[1] >= number else 0
color2 = object.color[2] - number if object.color[2] >= number else 0
# drawing two 2D rectangles based on the data above
pygame.draw.rect(game.win, (color0, color1, color2), ((position[0], position[1]), (x0, display_size[1])))
pygame.draw.rect(game.win, object.color, ((position[0]+x0, position[1]), (x1, display_size[1])))
# else:
# TODO
# write code for displaying object when it is to the right or to the left of the player
# pass
# adding the object if it is not in game.objects
if object not in game.objects:
game.objects.append(object)
else:
error = "You should provide the object of supported type by this library."
raise TypeError(error)
# update the screen so that user will see the difference
pygame.display.update()
The problem is most likely caused by multiple calls to pygame.display.update(). An update of the display at the end of the application loop is sufficient. Multiple calls to pygame.display.update() or pygame.display.flip() cause flickering.
Remove all calls to pygame.display.update() from your code, but call it once at the end of the application loop:
def start_game(game, code=None):
# [...]
while running:
# [...]
pygame.display.update()
clock.tick(120)