Perfom Django Validation for field that is NOT part of form

Question

I would like to raise a ValidationError based on one of the fields in my Django model, without having the respective filed as part of a ModelForm. What I found after googling a bit is the concept of validators for models. So I tried to do the following:

def minimumDuration(value):
    if value == 0:
        raise ValidationError("Minimum value accepted is 1 second!")

class PlaylistItem(models.Model):
    position = models.IntegerField(null=False)
    content = models.ForeignKey(Content, null=True, on_delete=models.SET_NULL)
    item_duration = models.IntegerField(validators = [minimumDuration], default = 5, null=True, blank=True)
    playlist = models.ForeignKey(Playlist, null=True, on_delete=models.CASCADE)

However, no error appears when I introduce 0 in the respective field. From Django's documentation I found out that validators are not automatically applied when saving a model. It redirected me to this page, but I don't really understand how to apply those. Any idea?

Answer 1

Here is an example of a form with such a custom field outside of the Model:

class ExampleForm(forms.ModelForm):
    custom_field = forms.BooleanField(
        label='Just non model field, replace with the type you need',
        required=False
    )

    class Meta:
        model = YourModel

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # optional: further customize field widget
        self.fields['custom_field'].widget.attrs.update({
            'id': self.instance.pk + '-custom_field',
            'class': 'custom-field-class'
        })
        self.fields['custom_field'].initial = self._get_custom_initial()

    def _get_custom_initial(self):
        # compute initial value based on self.instance and other logic
        return True

    def _valid_custom_field(value):
        # validate your value here
        # return Boolean

    def clean(self):
        """
        The important method: override clean to hook your validation
        """
        super().clean()
        custom_field_val = self.cleaned_data.get('custom_field')
        if not self._valid_custom_field(custom_field_val):
            raise ValidationError(
                'Custom Field is not valid')