I want to run my cloud in a docker container and store the data outside the container in a volume. So that when my container is destroyed or removed, the data is still persistent.
When passing the volume parameter at docker container run -v /path/to/src:/path/to/target imageName:tag it runs fine without any issues.
How can I pass the src and target destinations into the dockerfile?
VOLUME /path/to/target will create a volume which has its source somewhere in var/lib/docker which I do not want.
Short answer: You can't.
Long Answer: what you are trying to do here is essentially against the portability of images. The Docker documentation specifically states this is not possible, as seen here: https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/builder/
"The host directory is declared at container run-time: The host directory (the mountpoint) is, by its nature, host-dependent. This is to preserve image portability, since a given host directory can’t be guaranteed to be available on all hosts. For this reason, you can’t mount a host directory from within the Dockerfile. The VOLUME instruction does not support specifying a host-dir parameter. You must specify the mountpoint when you create or run the container."