Since bitcoin is a blockchain and blockchain has been described as a kind of database, how would the data schema of bitcoin look like? Is it a single table database? If yes, which columns are inside this table?
The data is stored in an application-specific format optimized for compact storage, and wasn't really intended to be easily parsed by other applications. See https://bitcoin.stackexchange.com/q/10814
For this custom format, see https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Protocol_documentation#block