iconv can convert special characters like ö (odiaeresis) to ascii characters like o when used with //TRANSLIT. Is there a table of characters somewhere that lists how those transformations work? I already poked around the source code but am not familiar enough with c to find what I'm looking for.
The table is defined in the file translit.def. You may find it inside the libiconv. The library might be download at: https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/libiconv/. I've extracted the first few lines of the table, which are displayed bellow:
# Definition of transliteration from Unicode to poorer character sets.
#
# This covers all of Markus Kuhn's TARGET1.
#
# The second column gives the transliteration. It is enclosed between tabs!
#
00A0 # NO-BREAK SPACE
00A1 ! # INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
00A2 c # CENT SIGN
00A3 lb # POUND SIGN
00A4 # CURRENCY SIGN
00A5 yen # YEN SIGN
00A6 | # BROKEN BAR
00A7 SS # SECTION SIGN
00A8 " # DIAERESIS
.
.
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You might see that ¡ (0x00A1) is translated into !, ¢ (0x00A2) is translated into c, £ (0x00A3) is translated into lb and so on...