I had old phone with one interesting functionality, that was ability to turn on on scheduled time. Actually the procedure was 1. Set alarm 2. Turn off phone 3. Wait for time to pass and the phone will go on without user interaction. I really loved this functionality cause you have active phone (it wakes you up) in the morning but no one can bother you during the night by calling you...
How can I do that programmatically?
That isn't possible in Android. At least not exactly what you want.
You may set you phone to Airplane mode, or put sound and notifications in mute (this is what i do) for pre-set hours/days.
For this i use an application called Timeriffic ( https://market.android.com/details?id=com.alfray.timeriffic )