Why is my array being passed with an incorrect size?

Question

I am just starting to learn C++ and I was playing around with functions. I am trying to pass an integer array as a parameter, and have the function print every element of the array. My issue however is that I have an array initialized to a seize of 10, but when I pass it to the function it only reads it as a size of 2. Any help would be appreciated! You can find my program below.

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>

using namespace std;

void Max(int Arr[])
{
    for (int i=0; i<sizeof(Arr)/sizeof(Arr[0]); i++)
    {
        cout<< Arr[i]<<endl;
    }
}


int main()
{
    int Arr[]={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10};

    Max(Arr);

    return 0;
} 

Thank you all for the help in advance!

Answer 1

When an array is passed by value it is implicitly converted to pointer to its first element.

On the other hand a function parameter declared as having an array type is adjusted by the compiler to pointer to the array element type.

So for example these function declarations

void Max(int Arr[]);
void Max(int Arr[1])
void Max(int Arr[10])
void Max(int Arr[100]);

declare the same function and are adjusted by the compiler to the declaration

void Max( int *Arr );

As a result within the function the parameter Arr is a pointer and this expression

sizeof(Arr)/sizeof(Arr[0])

is equivalent to

sizeof( int * ) / sizeof( int )

that yields either 1 or 2 depending on the size of the type int *.

When you passing an array by value to a function you should also pass its size explicitly.

So the function could be defined like

void Max( const int Arr[], size_t n )
{
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < n; i++ )
    {
        cout << Arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

And the function can be called like

Max(Arr, sizeof( Arr ) / sizeof( *Arr ) );

Another approach is to declare the function parameter as having a referenced type. In this case it is better to use a template function that it could be called for an array at least of any size.

template <size_t N>
void Max( const int ( &Arr )[N] )
{
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < N; i++ )
    {
        cout << Arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

Or the function could be defined like

template <typename T, size_t N>
void Max( const T ( &Arr )[N] )
{
    for ( size_t i = 0; i < N; i++ )
    {
        cout << Arr[i] << endl;
    }
}

And the both functions can be called like

Max(Arr);

Pay attention to that you could use the standard class template std::array declared in the header <array>. For example

#include <iostream>
#include <array>

const size_t N = 10;

std::ostream & Max( const std::array<int, N> &a, std::ostream &os = std::cout )
{
    for ( const auto &item : a )
    {
        os << item << ' ';
    }

    return os;
}


int main()
{
    std::array<int, N> a = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 };

    Max( a ) << '\n';

    return 0;
} 

The program output is

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10