Is it possible to generate the pages for MkDocs dynamically/on-the-fly in the browser using JavaScript? In this case, the build process incl. all the required tools would not be necessary any longer. Since the build process generates static pages, I assume that generally this is possible, but haven't found any related information.
No this is not possible. McDocs is written in the Python Language, not Javasript. Page builds can only be run from the command line.