For example I need to know when this commit, that resolved this issue, was released to be able to support newer and older Chrome versions.
Chromium's current version is specified in this file: chrome/VERSION
So you will have to look at that file, to find out in which version that commit is present. For example, the link you have posted points to commit id: 277a0c8
which can be seen in that page and if you click that commit id which points to: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/277a0c817996a9ea0617a410d356d57e1cf8d548
So in your case if you look at this file: https://chromium.googlesource.com/chromium/src/+/277a0c817996a9ea0617a410d356d57e1cf8d548/chrome/VERSION, that commit was merged in Chromium version 81.0.4035.0
Hope that helps