What resources are available that use benchmarks for comparing programming languages? I am interested in both
How quickly a program in a given language can execute a given benchmark?
How many lines of code are required in a given language to implement a given benchmark?
There is a long-standing web site called the Computer Language Benchmarks Game, originally created by Doug Bagley as the "Great Computer Language Shootout". (You can view a little history at Portland Patterns Repository.)
Is anyone aware of other resources that enable programmers to compare performance and size of programs written in different languages?
After a quick google search, I found a couple other sites where benchmarks for various languages have been done. Some other sites mention the programming language shootout site that is currently down.
There is a CPAN module for Perl that uses the same code found on that site.
Google has a directory where pages on this topic can be found. I have not found any yet that are as comprehensive as the page you speak of, but there are certainly other resources out there for comparisons.
If you're only seeking some information there, you can view archived pages of the site using the Wayback Machine or Google's cached version. Try searching Google with "site: shootout.alioth.debian.org" and click on the "Cached" links for the pages you find.
Perhaps the best option is to try to contact the owner of the old site and find out what happened. The author mentioned in the BSD licence on this page is "Brent Fulgham". He may or may not be the one to contact.
As @ioguy found out, Debian's Alioth server that hosts the site in question is currently under maintenance. I would suggest subscribing to the debian-devel-announce mailing list for updates, and an idea of when it may be fully functional again.
If you find problems in the future, you can probably post to the debian-user list.