I'd like to know what processes run in VM with Docker Daemon on a Windows 10 host.
How could I connect to the VM and list those processes?
I'm guessing you mean to a remote Docker Daemon? You can use Docker Contexts to be able to run all of the standard Docker commands remotely.
Once you have a context setup for the VM Docker Daemon, you can do for example:
docker ps
, docker top
and so on, like this:
docker --context <VM's context name> top
If you just mean connect to the daemon locally, you can SSH into the daemon, and run the usual Linux commands.