Use utf-8 character for curses border

Question

I can't use █ character for curses border with.

Code example:

import curses

stdscr = curses.initscr()
c = '█'
stdscr.border(c, c, c, c, c, c, c, c)
stdscr.getch()

I obtain this error:

OverflowError: byte doesn't fit in chtype

I can however use addstr for write some utf-8 character like this:

stdscr.addstr(0, 0, "█")

Thanks for your help.

Answer 1

The problem is that the Python curses package is just a wrapper over the ncurses C library. And in ncurses (https://linux.die.net/man/3/ncurses), a character is represented as a chtype, (character and attribute data) where the character is a C char type which is just a byte on common systems.

The underlying border function expects each character of the border to be a single byte, while the 'FULL BLOCK' that you are trying to use is the unicode character U+2588 or the UTF-8 byte string b'\xe2\x96\x88'. That is the reason for the error message: you try to store a 3 bytes sequence into a single byte variable.

It works fine for addstr because that function expects a string and accepts the 3 bytes sequence. But it would break with addch which expect a single string.

Said differently, the curses module will not accept multibyte UTF-8 sequences except where it expects strings.

Possible workarounds:

• the recommended way to use the underlying ncurses library and the curses Python module is to find a single byte encoding matching your requirements. Latin1 (ISO-8859-1) is even the default for ncurses, but other encodings could better meet your needs.
• find (or write) a Python wrapper around ncursesw. This is a variant of ncurses using wide (16 bits) characters. It would accept gladly 0x2588 as a character value, or more generally any character having a 16 bits only code point, which is just the Basic Multilingual Plane of Unicode. Unfortunately, I know none.