Is it possible to connect two android phones by wi-fi, without using a bluetooth/GSM/CDMA/IR? Also, there is no any laptop or wi-fi access points or wi-fi routers.
I think, that it is possible to create some SSID on both phones, do a static configure of IP addresses. Will android connect to another's android wi-fi?
If they will be connected, how can I send a file from one phone to second? Is there a ftp-client and server? or Can I ssh to other phone? Or telnel/netcat? Maybe http ?
This is called ad hoc network and has been asked before:
Can Android do peer-to-peer ad-hoc networking?
Android Wifi direct multiple connection ad-hoc
Android ad-hoc / access point connection capabilities
Update:
Short answer: ad hoc is not yet supported on Android so this would not work.
You can use Bluetooth to connect two Android phones in a p2p fashion.
Update 2:
Direct device-to-device connection over Wifi is supported under API 14 in Android 4.0 ICS in package android.net.wifi.p2p. You can test devices capability via FEATURE_WIFI_DIRECT.