xmlsparqlrdfturtle-rdfrdf-xml
SPARQL: Using filter in query
I recently started using SPARQL and have an exercise to make a query that will allow me to get song titles that have a singer as their only vocalist? In this case being John Lennon the only singer.
I have a beatles.ttl data file, so far I was able to select all the songs where John Lennon is lead singer, however there are songs where he is lead singer with 2 other band members.
prefix pi: <http://beatlesExample/ns/playsInstrument/>
prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
prefix m: <http://beatlesExample/ns/musician/>
SELECT ?songTitle
WHERE {
?song pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
?song rdfs:label ?songTitle .
}
Result:
In the query result appears all the songs in which John Lennon is the singer, but the last 2 in addition to him being the singer there's other 2 band members that are too singers in that song.
What I was trying to accomplish is a query in which I obtain every song where John Lennon is the only singer.
Data File (Beatles.ttl)
@prefix c: <http://beatlesExample/ns/class/> .
@prefix t: <http://beatlesExample/ns/title/> .
@prefix pi: <http://beatlesExample/ns/playsInstrument/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix m: <http://beatlesExample/ns/musician/> .
t:MagicalMysteryTour a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Magical Mystery Tour" ;
pi:acousticrhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:percussion m:RingoStarr , m:NeilAspinall , m:MalEvans , m:GeorgeHarrison , m:JohnLennon ;
pi:piano m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:trumpet m:ElgarHowarth , m:JohnWilbraham , m:DavidMason , m:RoyCopestake ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon , m:PaulMcCartney , m:GeorgeHarrison .
t:PennyLane a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Penny Lane" ;
pi:acousticguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:backingvocals m:JohnLennon , m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:bassguitar m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:doublebass m:FrankClarke ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:electricguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:flutesorpiccolos m:PGoody , m:RaySwinfield , m:MannyWinters , m:DennisWalton ;
pi:guitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:handclaps m:GeorgeHarrison , m:JohnLennon , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:harmonium m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:oboesorcoranglais m:DickMorgan , m:MikeWinfield ;
pi:piano m:JohnLennon , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:tambourine m:RingoStarr ;
pi:trumpetsorflugelhorn m:FreddyClayton , m:LeonCalvert , m:BertCourtley , m:DuncanCampbell , m:DavidMason ;
pi:tubularbells m:RingoStarr ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:NotASecondTime a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Not A Second Time" ;
pi:acousticrhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:piano m:GeorgeMartin ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:Yesterday a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Yesterday" ;
pi:cello m:FranciscoGabarro ;
pi:guitar m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:viola m:KennethEssex ;
pi:violin m:TonyGilbert , m:SidneySax ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:LosParanoias a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Los Paranoias" ;
pi:acousticguitar m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:percussion m:JohnLennon ;
pi:shaker m:RingoStarr ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:LikeDreamersDo a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Like Dreamers Do" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:PeteBest ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:IGotToFindMyBaby a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "I Got To Find My Baby" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:harmonica m:JohnLennon ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:Revolution1 a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Revolution 1" ;
pi:Hammondorgan m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:acousticguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:backingvocals m:FrancieSchwartz , m:GeorgeHarrison , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison , m:JohnLennon ;
pi:piano m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:trombone m:JPower , m:DonLang , m:BillPovey , m:RexMorris ;
pi:trumpet m:FreddyClayton , m:DerekWatkins ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:DizzyMissLizzy a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Dizzy Miss Lizzy" ;
pi:Hammondorgan m:JohnLennon ;
pi:HohnerPianetelectricpiano m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:cowbell m:RingoStarr ;
pi:double-trackedleadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:YesItIs a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Yes It Is" ;
pi:acousticrhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:harmonyvocals m:GeorgeHarrison , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:tambourine m:RingoStarr ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:IWannaBeYourMan a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "I Wanna Be Your Man" ;
pi:Hammondorgan m:GeorgeMartin ;
pi:backingvocals m:PaulMcCartney , m:JohnLennon ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:maracas m:RingoStarr ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:RingoStarr .
t:ThingsWeSaidToday a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Things We Said Today" ;
pi:acousticrhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:piano m:JohnLennon ;
pi:tambourine m:RingoStarr ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:HallelujahILoveHerSo
a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Hallelujah, I Love Her So" ;
pi:bass m:StuartSutcliffe ;
pi:guitar m:GeorgeHarrison , m:PaulMcCartney , m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:OldBrownShoe a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Old Brown Shoe" ;
pi:backingvocals m:JohnLennon , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:bass m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:guitar m:GeorgeHarrison , m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:organ m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:piano m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:vocals m:GeorgeHarrison .
t:GoodNight a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Good Night" ;
pi:12violins m:Uncredited ;
pi:backingvocals m:MikeRedway , m:PatWhitmore , m:FredLucas , m:ValStockwell , m:IreneKing , m:IngridThomas , m:KenBarrie , m:RossGilmour ;
pi:celesta m:GeorgeMartin ;
pi:clarinet m:Uncredited ;
pi:doublebass m:Uncredited ;
pi:harp m:Uncredited ;
pi:horn m:Uncredited ;
pi:threecellos m:Uncredited ;
pi:threeflutes m:Uncredited ;
pi:threeviolas m:Uncredited ;
pi:vibraphone m:Uncredited ;
pi:vocals m:RingoStarr .
t:MemphisTennessee a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Memphis, Tennessee" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:TicketToRide a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Ticket To Ride" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:double-trackedleadvocals m:JohnLennon ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:handclaps m:RingoStarr ;
pi:harmonyvocals m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:leadguitar m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:GeorgeHarrison , m:JohnLennon ;
pi:tambourine m:RingoStarr .
t:Ob-La-DiOb-La-Da a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da" ;
pi:acousticguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:backingvocals m:JohnLennon , m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:bongo m:RingoStarr ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:handclaps m:JohnLennon , m:PaulMcCartney , m:GeorgeHarrison , m:RingoStarr ;
pi:percussion m:RingoStarr ;
pi:piano m:JohnLennon ;
pi:threesaxophones m:Uncredited ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:LetItBe a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Let It Be" ;
pi:backingvocals m:JohnLennon , m:LindaMcCartney , m:PaulMcCartney , m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:bassguitar m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:cello m:Uncredited ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:electricpiano m:BillyPreston ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:maracas m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:organ m:BillyPreston ;
pi:piano m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:tenorsaxophone m:Uncredited ;
pi:twotrombones m:Uncredited ;
pi:twotrumpets m:Uncredited ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
t:IGotAWoman a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "I Got A Woman" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:JohnLennon .
t:TheSaints a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "The Saints" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:PeteBest ;
pi:leadguitar m:TonySheridan , m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:TonySheridan .
t:LendMeYourComb a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Lend Me Your Comb" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:RingoStarr ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:GeorgeHarrison , m:PaulMcCartney , m:JohnLennon .
t:BesameMucho a c:Song ;
rdfs:label "Besame Mucho" ;
pi:bass m:PaulMcCartney ;
pi:drums m:PeteBest ;
pi:leadguitar m:GeorgeHarrison ;
pi:rhythmguitar m:JohnLennon ;
pi:vocals m:PaulMcCartney .
Beatles2.ttl
@prefix c: <http://beatlesExample/ns/class/> .
@prefix t: <http://beatlesExample/ns/title/> .
@prefix pi: <http://beatlesExample/ns/playsInstrument/> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix m: <http://beatlesExample/ns/musician/> .
c:Singer rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Guitarist rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Drummer rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Flutist rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Trumpeter rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Cellist rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Percussionist rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Harpist rdfs:subClassOf c:Musician.
c:Guitar rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Piano rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Drums rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Vocals rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Violin rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Viola rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Cello rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Trombone rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Trumpet rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Flute rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Vibraphone rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Bell rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Harp rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Shaker rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
c:Hands rdfs:subClassOf c:Instrument.
t:piano a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "piano" .
t:celesta a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "celesta" .
t:celesta
a c:Piano;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Pianist .
t:electricpiano a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "electric piano" .
t:electricpiano
a c:Piano;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Pianist .
t:Hammondorgan a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "Hammondorgan" .
t:Hammondorgan
a c:Piano;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Pianist .
t:harmonium a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "harmonium" .
t:harmonium
a c:Piano;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Pianist .
t:guitar a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "guitar" .
t:acousticguitar a
c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "acoustic guitar" .
t:acousticguitar
a c:Guitar;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:bass a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "bass" .
t:bass
a c:Guitar;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:bassguitar a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "bass guitar" .
t:bassguitar
a c:Guitar;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:doublebass a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "double bass" .
t:doublebass
a c:Guitar;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:drums a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "drums" .
t:drums
a c:Drums;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Drummer .
t:tambourine a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "tambourine" .
t:tambourine
a c:Drums;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Drummer .
t:snaredrum
a c:Drums;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Drummer .
t:vibraphone a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "vibraphone" .
t:vibraphone
a c:Bell;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Percussionist .
t:tubularbells a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "tubular bells" .
t:tubularbells
a c:Vibraphone;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Percussionist .
t:handclaps a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "hand claps" .
t:handclaps
a c:Hands;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Percussionist .
t:cello a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "cello" .
t:cello
a c:Cello;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Cellist .
t:backingvocals a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "backing vocals" .
t:backingvocals
a c:Vocals;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Singer .
t:double-trackedleadvocals a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "doubletracked lead vocals" .
t:double-trackedleadvocals
a c:Vocals;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Singer .
t:trumpetsorflugelhorn a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "trumpets or flugelhorn" .
t:trumpetsorflugelhorn
a c:Trumpet;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Trumpeter .
t:oboesorcoranglais a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "oboe or coranglais" .
t:oboesorcoranglais
a c:Flute;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Flutist .
t:trumpet a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "trumpet" .
t:trumpet
a c:Trumpet;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Trumpeter .
t:tenorsaxophone a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "tenor saxophone" .
t:tenorsaxophone
a c:Trumpet;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Trumpeter .
t:harp a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "harp" .
t:harp
a c:Harp;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Harpist .
t:horn a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "horn" .
t:clarinet
a c:Trumpet;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Trumpeter .
t:clarinet a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "clarinet" .
t:clarinet
a c:Flute;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Flutist .
t:trombone a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "trombone" .
t:trombone
a c:Trombone;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Trumpeter .
t:threecellos a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "three cellos" .
t:threecellos
a c:Cello;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Cellist .
t:threeflutes a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "three flutes" .
t:threeflutes
a c:Flute;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Flutist .
t:threeviolas a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "three violas" .
t:threeviolas
a c:Viola;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:12violins a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "12 violins" .
t:12violins
a c:Violin;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Cellist .
t:viola a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "viola" .
t:viola
a c:Viola;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Guitarist .
t:violin a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "violin" .
t:violin
a c:Violin;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Cellist .
t:shaker a c:Instrument ;
rdfs:label "shaker" .
t:shaker
a c:Shaker;
a c:Instrument ;
pi:playedBy c:Percussionist .
m:PeteBest a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Pete Best" .
m:TonySheridan a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Tony Sheridan" .
m:LindaMcCartney a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Linda McCartney" .
m:BillyPreston a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Billy Preston" .
m:MikeRedway a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Mike Redway" .
m:PatWhitmore a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Pat Whitmore" .
m:FredLucas a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Fred Lucas" .
m:ValStockwell a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Val Stockwell" .
m:IreneKing a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Irene King" .
m:IngridThomas a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Ingrid Thomas" .
m:KenBarrie a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Ken Barrie" .
m:RossGilmour a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Ross Gilmour" .
m:StuartSutcliffe a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Stuart Sutcliffe" .
m:JPower a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "JPower" .
m:FrancieSchwartz a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Francie Schwartz" .
m:DonLang a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Don Lang" .
m:BillPovey a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Bill Povey" .
m:RexMorris a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Rex Morris" .
m:DerekWatkins a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Derek Watkins" .
m:FranciscoGabarro a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Francisco Gabarro" .
m:TonyGilbert a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Tony Gilbert" .
m:SidneySax a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Sidney Sax" .
m:GeorgeMartin a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "George Martin" .
m:FrankClarke a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Frank Clarke" .
m:PGoody a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "P Goody" .
m:MikeWinfield a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Mike Winfield" .
m:RaySwinfield a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Ray Swinfield" .
m:MannyWinters a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Manny Winters" .
m:DennisWalton a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Dennis Walton" .
m:DickMorgan a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Dick Morgan" .
m:LeonCalvert a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Leon Calvert" .
m:BertCourtley a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Bert Courtley" .
m:DuncanCampbell a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Duncan Campbell" .
m:DavidMason a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "David Mason" .
m:MalEvans a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Mal Evans" .
m:RoyCopestake a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Roy Copestake" .
m:JohnWilbraham a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "John Wilbraham" .
m:ElgarHowarth a c:Musician;
rdfs:label "Elgar Howarth" .
Solution
The trick is to realize that you can rephrase "John Lennon is the only vocalist" to "none of the vocalists are anyone other than John Lennon". Then you can use FILTER NOT EXISTS, like so:
FILTER NOT EXISTS {
?song pi:vocals ?other
FILTER(?other != m:JohnLennon)
}
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