I've just upgraded my Cloud SQL instance (Mysql) to use the new, regional-disks based replication, as described here: https://cloud.google.com/sql/docs/mysql/configure-ha#ha-existing
Can GTIDs (finally) be disabled now in order to execute 'CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE' within transactions? Or are they still needed for backups?
https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/google-cloud-sql-announce/0-lti-H3crE https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/replication-mode-change-online-disable-gtids.html
Searching regarding your question, you can't have High Availability, without binary logs.
Searching also for requests of disabling the GTIDs, this is not possible right, since they are related to binary logs and also in order to do that you need to have SUPER privileges.
To sum up, this is documented in the differences of CLOUDSQL and standard MySQL that you are not able to create Temporary table and other statements.
Bear in mind that you can set up MySQL on Compute Engine instance and then you will be able to have SUPER USER privileges.
Also FYI: There was a Feature Request about it with an answer.