I've checked this question Chrome remote debug Samsung Galaxy s4 It is pretty old and I cannot believe that this issue is still not fixed in 2019. I did everything as in this video: Setting Up Google Chrome Remote Debugging On Android and this tutorial Get Started with Remote Debugging Android Devices but Chrome on my Windows machine does not detect my device - Samsung Galaxy S10. Any idea how to solve this in 2019?
Thanks Koralek M. for this answer Chrome DevTools Devices does not detect device when plugged in. Installing ADB and running "adb devices" solved the problem!