I would like to know if is possible to get a blog without a database, which is a typical static site generator functionality, with October cms?
Sure, an OctoberCMS plugin would allow you to do this.
The free Blog plugin by RainLab uses a database though.
The default setup of OctoberCMS uses static pages for it's site content also (static being files and not a database). OctoberCMS won 2018's Best Flat File CMS by CMS critic.