Solution from SciPy solve_ivp contains oscillations for a system of first-order ODEs

Question

I'm trying to solve a system of coupled first-order ODEs:

where Tf for this example is considered constant and Q(t) is given. A plot of Q(t) is shown below. The data file used to create the time vs Q plot is available at here.

My Python code for solving this system for the given Q(t) (designated as qheat) is:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp

# Data

time, qheat = np.loadtxt('timeq.txt', unpack=True)

# Calculate Temperatures    

def tc_dt(t, tc, ts, q):
    rc = 1.94
    cc = 62.7
    return ((ts - tc) / (rc * cc)) + q / cc

def ts_dt(t, tc, ts):
    rc = 1.94
    ru = 3.08
    cs = 4.5
    tf = 298.15
    return ((tf - ts) / (ru * cs)) - ((ts - tc) / (rc * cs))

def func(t, y):
    idx = np.abs(time - t).argmin()
    q = qheat[idx]

    tcdt = tc_dt(t, y[0], y[1], q)
    tsdt = ts_dt(t, y[0], y[1])
    return tcdt, tsdt

t0 = time[0]
tf = time[-1]
sol = solve_ivp(func, (t0, tf), (298.15, 298.15), t_eval=time)

# Plot

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
ax.plot(sol.t, sol.y[0], label='tc')
ax.plot(sol.t, sol.y[1], label='ts')
ax.set_xlabel('Time [s]')
ax.set_ylabel('Temperature [K]')
ax.legend(loc='best')

plt.show()

This produces the plot shown below but unfortunately several oscillations occur in the results. Is there a better method to solve this coupled system of ODEs?

Answer 1

I finally got a reasonable solution for the system of ODEs by providing the Jacobian matrix to the solver. See below for my working solution.

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import solve_ivp
from scipy.interpolate import interp1d

# Data

time, qheat = np.loadtxt('timeq.txt', unpack=True)

# Calculate Temperatures

interp_qheat = interp1d(time, qheat)

def tc_dt(t, tc, ts, q):
    """
    dTc/dt = (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cc) + Q/Cc
    """
    rc = 1.94
    cc = 62.7
    return ((ts - tc) / (rc * cc)) + q / cc

def ts_dt(t, tc, ts):
    """
    dTs/dt = (Tf-Ts)/(Ru*Cs) - (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cs)
    """
    rc = 1.94
    ru = 3.08
    cs = 4.5
    tf = 298.15
    return ((tf - ts) / (ru * cs)) - ((ts - tc) / (rc * cs))

def jacobian(t, y):
    """
    Given the following system of ODEs

    dTc/dt = (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cc) + Q/Cc
    dTs/dt = (Tf-Ts)/(Ru*Cs) - (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cs)

    determine the Jacobian matrix of the right-hand side as

    Jacobian matrix = [df1/dTc, df2/dTc]
                      [df1/dTs, df2/dTs]

    where

    f1 = (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cc) + Q/Cc
    f2 = (Tf-Ts)/(Ru*Cs) - (Ts-Tc)/(Rc*Cs)
    """
    cc = 62.7
    cs = 4.5
    rc = 1.94
    ru = 3.08
    jc = np.array([
        [-1 / (cc * rc), 1 / (cs * rc)],
        [1 / (cc * rc), -1 / (cs * ru) - 1 / (cs * rc)]
    ])
    return jc

def func(t, y):
    """
    Right-hand side of the system of ODEs.
    """
    q = interp_qheat(t)
    tcdt = tc_dt(t, y[0], y[1], q)
    tsdt = ts_dt(t, y[0], y[1])
    return tcdt, tsdt

t0 = time[0]
tf = time[-1]
sol = solve_ivp(func, (t0, tf), (298.15, 298.15), method='BDF', t_eval=time, jac=jacobian)

# Plot

fig, ax = plt.subplots(tight_layout=True)
ax.plot(sol.t, sol.y[0], label='tc')
ax.plot(sol.t, sol.y[1], label='ts')
ax.set_xlabel('Time [s]')
ax.set_ylabel('Temperature [K]')
ax.legend(loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.5), frameon=False)

plt.show()

And the generated plot is shown below.

The only advantage to interpolating Q was to speed up the execution of the code by removing the argmin() in the main function. Otherwise, interpolating Q did not improve the results.