compiler error: is private within this context only on gcc9 with c++17

I test my code using travis. Recently someone added gcc9 to the set of compilers the code gets tested with. While everything compiles fine with gcc8 (both with c++14 and c++17) and gcc-9.1.0 with c++14 it fails with gcc-9.1.0 with c++17 with the following error:

/usr/include/c++/9/functional: In instantiation of ‘std::_Bind<_Functor(_Bound_args ...)>::_Bind(const _Functor&, _Args&& ...) [with _Args = {std::tuple<int>}; _Functor = SQLite::Statement; _Bound_args = {std::tuple<int>}]’:
/usr/include/c++/9/functional:811:38:   required from ‘typename std::_Bind_helper<std::__is_socketlike<_Func>::value, _Func, _BoundArgs ...>::type std::bind(_Func&&, _BoundArgs&& ...) [with _Func = SQLite::Statement&; _BoundArgs = {std::tuple<int>}; typename std::_Bind_helper<std::__is_socketlike<_Func>::value, _Func, _BoundArgs ...>::type = std::_Bind<SQLite::Statement(std::tuple<int>)>]’
/home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/include/SQLiteCpp/ExecuteMany.h:84:9:   required from ‘void SQLite::bind_exec(SQLite::Statement&, std::tuple<_Tps ...>&&) [with Types = {int}]’
/home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/include/SQLiteCpp/ExecuteMany.h:50:14:   required from ‘void SQLite::execute_many(SQLite::Database&, const char*, Arg&&, Types&& ...) [with Arg = std::tuple<int>; Types = {std::tuple<int, const char*>, std::tuple<int, const char*>}]’
/home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/tests/ExecuteMany_test.cpp:35:9:   required from here
/usr/include/c++/9/functional:462:59: error: ‘SQLite::Statement::Statement(const SQLite::Statement&)’ is private within this context
  462 |  : _M_f(__f), _M_bound_args(std::forward<_Args>(__args)...)
      |                                                           ^
In file included from /home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/include/SQLiteCpp/Column.h:13,
                 from /home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/include/SQLiteCpp/Database.h:13,
                 from /home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/tests/ExecuteMany_test.cpp:13:
/home/travis/build/SRombauts/SQLiteCpp/include/SQLiteCpp/Statement.h:696:5: note: declared private here
  696 |     Statement(const Statement&);

the code that throws this error is the following:

template <typename Arg, typename... Types>
void execute_many(Database& aDatabase, const char* apQuery, Arg&& aArg, Types&&... aParams)
{
    Statement query(aDatabase, apQuery);
    bind_exec(query, std::forward<Arg>(aArg));
    (void)std::initializer_list<int>
    {
        ((void)reset_bind_exec(query, std::forward<Types>(aParams)), 0)...
    };
}

template <typename TupleT>
void reset_bind_exec(Statement& apQuery, TupleT&& aTuple)
{
    apQuery.reset();
    bind_exec(apQuery, std::forward<TupleT>(aTuple));
}

template <typename TupleT>
void bind_exec(Statement& apQuery, TupleT&& aTuple)
{
    bind(apQuery, std::forward<TupleT>(aTuple));
    while (apQuery.executeStep()) {}
}

I use the following code for travis CI to use the corresponding compiler

matrix:
  include:
    - compiler: gcc
      addons:
        apt:
          sources:
            - ubuntu-toolchain-r-test
          packages:
            - g++-9
      env:
        - CC=gcc-9
        - CXX=g++-9
        - CXXFLAGS="-std=c++17 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic"

before_install:
  # coveralls test coverage:
  - if [[ "$CXX" == "g++" ]]; then pip install --user cpp-coveralls ; fi

# scripts to run before build
before_script:
  - gcc --version
  - mkdir build
  - cd build
  - cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DSQLITECPP_USE_GCOV=ON -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON -DSQLITECPP_BUILD_TESTS=ON ..

# build examples, and run tests (ie make & make test)
script:
  - cmake --build .
  - ctest --verbose --output-on-failure

the class Statement has a private copy constructor and assignment operator, but I wonder why this would cause any issue here, because I do not copy the Statement "query". Especially why this problem only occurs with gcc-9.1.0 with c++17 (on my local machine I use gcc-9.1.1 and it compiles without any errors).

Solution

A more minimal example is this:

#include <functional>

namespace SQLite
{
    struct Statement
    {
        Statement() = default;
        Statement(const Statement&) = delete;
    };
    template<class ...Args>
    void bind( Statement& s, const Args& ... args )
    {        
    }

    template < typename T >
    void test(T&& t)
    {
        Statement s;
        bind( s, std::forward< T >( t ) );
    }    
}

int main() 
{
    std::tuple< int > t;
    SQLite::test( t );
}

As one of your arguments is from the std namespace Argument Dependant Lookup brings std::bind into the list of usable functions. SQLite::bind requires a conversion to const& before calling so std::bind is a better match.

You have a few options to fix this:

explicitly call SQLite::bind
change the name of bind to something that isn't in the standard library (this may be the best option as it stops your users from running into the same issue)
change bind's arguments from const Args& ... args to Args&& ... args to remove the conversion