It seems that gcc (tried 7.2.0 and 5.4.0) does not have std::expf and std::logf - see coliru sample. Since cppreference says they were added in C++11 is there some gcc specific macro I am missing or are they in general missing in gcc?
This is a bug in libstdc++, which ships with GCC. It does not fully conform to C++17 (as of v9.1.0 in June 2019). The copyright notice on the version of <cmath> that Ubuntu uses by default says it was last updated in 2016. Version 9.1.0 does have a #if __cplusplus > 201402L section, but it doesn’t declare the identifiers required by C++17. There is an open bug report.
It never declares expf or logf (nor cosf, sinf, etc.) within the std:: namespace, even though C++17 says it shall. The C++11 standard says, “Names that are defined as functions in C shall be defined as functions in the C++ standard library,” and “Each name from the Standard C library declared with external linkage is reserved to the implementation for use as a name with extern "C" linkage, both in namespace std and in the global namespace.” However, std::expf et al. are missing from the table of functions provided by <cmath> until P0175r1 in June 2016. This was apparently an oversight, but GCC has always made them available only in the global namespace.
The libc++ library does declare them, so compiling with clang++ -std=c++17 -stdlib=libc++ should work. You can also #include <math.h> to use them in the global namespace, or use the overloaded exp(), log(), etc. on float arguments.
As of version 13.2, the bug has been fixed.