I was looking at consensus mechanisms other than the common PoW and PoS, and found a scheme known as proof of elapsed time.
I am struggling to find any research or proofs to show that this is in fact a Byzantine Fault Tolerant algorithm.
PoET is BFT because PoET's waiting time is enforced with an SGX enclave.
There is also more defense-in-depth checks, but that doesn't make it BFT. In comparison, Bitcoin's PoW accomplishes the same thing with repeatedly hashing, which is effectively the same thing (although extremely wasteful) as PoET's trusted timer. For details, see the PoET 1.0 spec:
https://sawtooth.hyperledger.org/docs/core/releases/latest/architecture/poet.html
More insights for how PoET works is at the PoET2 RFC: More details and changes are documented in the PoET2 RFC at https://github.com/hyperledger/sawtooth-rfcs/pull/20/files