Is it possible to static_assert that a lambda is not generic?

Question

I implemented a Visit function (on a variant) that checks that the currently active type in the variant matches the function signature (more precisely the first argument). Based on this nice answer. For example

#include <variant>
#include <string>
#include <iostream>

template<typename Ret, typename Arg, typename... Rest>
Arg first_argument_helper(Ret(*) (Arg, Rest...));

template<typename Ret, typename F, typename Arg, typename... Rest>
Arg first_argument_helper(Ret(F::*) (Arg, Rest...));

template<typename Ret, typename F, typename Arg, typename... Rest>
Arg first_argument_helper(Ret(F::*) (Arg, Rest...) const);

template <typename F>
decltype(first_argument_helper(&F::operator())) first_argument_helper(F);

template <typename T>
using first_argument = decltype(first_argument_helper(std::declval<T>()));

std::variant<int, std::string> data="abc";
template <typename V>
void Visit(V v){
using Arg1 = typename std::remove_const_t<std::remove_reference_t<first_argument<V>>>;//... TMP magic to get 1st argument of visitor + remove cvr, see Q 43526647
if (! std::holds_alternative<Arg1>(data)) {
std::cerr<< "alternative mismatch\n";
return;
}
v(std::get<Arg1>(data));
}
int main(){
    Visit([](const int& i){std::cout << i << "\n"; });
    Visit([](const std::string& s){std::cout << s << "\n"; });
    // Visit([](auto& x){}); ugly kabooom
}

This works, but it explodes with a user unfriendly compile time error when users passes a generic (e.g. [](auto&){}) lambda. Is there a way to detect this and give nice static_assert() about it? Would also be nice if it worked with function templates as well, not just with lambdas.

Note that I do not know what possible lambdas do, so I can not do some clever stuff with Dummy types since lambdas may invoke arbitrary functions on types. In other words I can not try to call lambda in 2 std::void_t tests on int and std::string and if it works assume it is generic because they might try to call .BlaLol() on int and string.

Answer 1

Is there a way to detect this and give nice static_assert about it?

I suppose you can use SFINAE over operator() type.

Follows an example

#include <type_traits>

template <typename T>
constexpr auto foo (T const &)
   -> decltype( &T::operator(), bool{} )
 { return true; }

constexpr bool foo (...)
 { return false; }

int main()
 {
   auto l1 = [](int){ return 0; };
   auto l2 = [](auto){ return 0; };

   static_assert( foo(l1), "!" );
   static_assert( ! foo(l2), "!" );
 }

Instead of a bool, you can return std::true_type (from foo() first version) or std::false_type (from second version) if you want to use it through decltype().

Would also be nice if it worked with function templates as well, not just with lambdas.

I don't think it's possible in a so simple way: a lambda (also a generic lambda) is an object; a template function isn't an object but a set of objects. You can pass an object to a function, not a set of objects.

But the preceding solution should works also for classes/structs with operator()s: when there is a single, non template, operator(), you should get 1 from foo(); otherwise (no operator(), more than one operator(), template operator()), foo() should return 0.