As a C++ programmer the following code seems very natural to me but it doesn't run:
from typing import TypeVar, Generic, List, NewType
TPopMember = TypeVar('TPopMember')
Population = NewType('Population', List[TPopMember])
class EvolutionaryAlgorithm(Generic[TPopMember]):
def __init__(self, populationSize: int) -> None:
# The following raises TypeError: 'TypeVar' object is not callable
self.__population = Population([TPopMember() for _ in range(populationSize)])
Apparently Python isn't able to instantiate classes (the TPopMember) that are actually TypeVars. I simply want to create a list (Population) with a couple of default initialized (how do you say that in Python?) TPopMembers. How should I go about this?
I'm using Python 3.7.2.
You didn't realize that type hint is a hint. In other words, don't think it is a type at all. You can't instantiate them.
As I understand from your comment, your intention is doing what C++ template allows you to do. So here is my way to achieve that:
from typing import TypeVar, Generic, List, NewType, Type
import random
class PopMember:
def __init__(self):
self.x = random.randint(0, 100)
def __repr__(self):
return "Pop({})".format(self.x)
TPopMember = TypeVar("TPopMember")
Population = NewType('Population', List[TPopMember])
class EvolutionaryAlgorithm(Generic[TPopMember]):
def __init__(self, member_class: Type[TPopMember], populationSize: int) -> None:
self.__population = Population([member_class() for _ in range(populationSize)])
def __repr__(self):
return "EA({})".format(self.__population)
x = EvolutionaryAlgorithm(PopMember, 5)
print(x)
output:
EA([Pop(49), Pop(94), Pop(24), Pop(73), Pop(66)])
What you have to understand is that, if you derived a class from Generic[T], you need to use T some how when you create your class. In my example I create a dummy object and resolve its class and initiate it. Normally I would not write in this way, I can just throw in a class as parameber pass in a class to the constructor to request to generate items of this particular type because class itself, distinct from an instance of it, is also a Python object. (thanks chepner for the suggestion)