sudo heredoc: bash: warning: here-document at line 0 delimited by end-of-file (wanted `EOF...EOF')

Question

My goal is use sudo to write content to another user's xstartup file.

But my attempt...

sudo -iu user1 bash -lic 'cat > ~/.vnc/xstartup <<\EOF
...
EOF'

...results in...

bash: warning: here-document at line 0 delimited by end-of-file (wanted `EOF...EOF')

Yet nested heredocs works...

sudo -iu user1 bash -s <<\OUTER
cat > ~/.vnc/xstartup <<\EOF
...
EOF
OUTER

Any suggestions to accomplish a sudo redirection without nested heredocs?

Answer 1

You have a lot of unnecessary layers.

sudo -u user1 tee ~user1/.vnc/xstartup > /dev/null <<\EOF
...
EOF