Django: How to migrate from ManyToMany to ForeignKey?

Question

I'm building a REST API and server using Django and Django Rest Framework. We are using a postgres database.

I need to simplify a badly designed relation. We have a model (House) that has a ManyToMany relationship to another (City). In reality it would be enough when this is a ForeignKey relationship.

I googled and couldn't find any blog posts or docs how to properly migrate in this direction. I could only find the other way (FK to M2M).

I'm 98% sure that all the data on the server will be consistent with a FK relationship (meaning I'm pretty sure all houses only have one city). We need to change the relationship for several reasons and aren't able to keep the M2M.

I'm afraid to just change the model and running makemigrations and migrate. I was wondering, how do you properly migrate from M2M to FK? Are there any caveats I have to take into account? How can I deal with data if surprisingly there are houses with multiple city's? The data set is still quite small (less than 10k entries) if that matters.

Thank you very much.

Answer 1

EDIT First create a DB backup

First create a new temporary FK relationship

_city = models.ForeignKey(...)

and make a migration

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

You then need to create a new data migration in the relevant app by creating an empty migration file:

python manage.py makemigrations --empty myhouseapp

and in that file manually assign the new relationship from the M2M to the FK. It will look something like:

from django.db import migrations


def save_city_fk(apps, schema):
    City = apps.get_model('myapp', 'City')
    House = apps.get_model('myapp', 'House')
    for house in House.objects.all():
        house._city = house.cities.all().first()  # Or whatever criterea you want
        house.save()


def save_city_m2m(apps, schema):
    # This should do the reverse
    City = apps.get_model('myapp', 'City')
    House = apps.get_model('myapp', 'House')
    for house in House.objects.all():
        if house._city:
            house.cities.add(house._city)


class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
    ]

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(save_city_fk, save_city_m2m)
    ]

Remove the M2M field, and create another migration.

python manage.py makemigrations

Rename the FK from _city to city and create a final migration

python manage.py makemigrations

Then migrate:

python manage.py migrate