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scikit-learngensimword2vec

W2VTransformer: Only works with one word as input?

Following reproducible script is used to compute the accuracy of a Word2Vec classifier with the W2VTransformer wrapper in gensim:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from gensim.sklearn_api import W2VTransformer
from gensim.utils import simple_preprocess

# Load synthetic data
data = pd.read_csv('https://pastebin.com/raw/EPCmabvN')
data = data.head(10)

# Set random seed
np.random.seed(0)

# Tokenize text
X_train = data.apply(lambda r: simple_preprocess(r['text'], min_len=2), axis=1)
# Get labels
y_train = data.label

train_input = [x[0] for x in X_train]

# Train W2V Model
model = W2VTransformer(size=10, min_count=1)
model.fit(X_train)

clf = LogisticRegression(penalty='l2', C=0.1)
clf.fit(model.transform(train_input), y_train)

text_w2v = Pipeline(
    [('features', model),
     ('classifier', clf)])

score = text_w2v.score(train_input, y_train)
score

0.80000000000000004

The problem with this script is that it only works when train_input = [x[0] for x in X_train], which essentially is always the first word only. Once change to train_input = X_train (or train_input simply substituted by X_train), the script returns:

ValueError: cannot reshape array of size 10 into shape (10,10)

How can I solve this issue, i.e. how can the classifier work with more than one word of input?

Edit:

Apparently, the W2V wrapper can't work with the variable-length train input, as compared to D2V. Here is a working D2V version:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, classification_report
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from gensim.utils import simple_preprocess, lemmatize
from gensim.sklearn_api import D2VTransformer

data = pd.read_csv('https://pastebin.com/raw/bSGWiBfs')

np.random.seed(0)

X_train = data.apply(lambda r: simple_preprocess(r['text'], min_len=2), axis=1)
y_train = data.label

model = D2VTransformer(dm=1, size=50, min_count=2, iter=10, seed=0)
model.fit(X_train)

clf = LogisticRegression(penalty='l2', C=0.1, random_state=0)
clf.fit(model.transform(X_train), y_train)

pipeline = Pipeline([
        ('vec', model),
        ('clf', clf)
    ])

y_pred = pipeline.predict(X_train)
score = accuracy_score(y_train,y_pred)
print(score)
Solution

  • This is technically not an answer, but cannot be written in comments so here it is. There are multiple issues here:

    • LogisticRegression class (and most other scikit-learn models) work with 2-d data (n_samples, n_features).

      That means that it needs a collection of 1-d arrays (one for each row (sample), in which the elements of array contains the feature values).

      In your data, a single word will be a 1-d array, which means that the single sentence (sample) will be a 2-d array. Which means that the complete data (collection of sentences here) will be a collection of 2-d arrays. Even in that, since each sentence can have different number of words, it cannot be combined into a single 3-d array.

    • Secondly, the W2VTransformer in gensim looks like a scikit-learn compatible class, but its not. It tries to follows "scikit-learn API conventions" for defining the methods fit(), fit_transform() and transform(). They are not compatible with scikit-learn Pipeline.

      You can see that the input param requirements of fit() and fit_transform() are different.

      • fit():

        X (iterable of iterables of str) – The input corpus.

        X can be simply a list of lists of tokens, but for larger corpora, consider an iterable that streams the sentences directly from disk/network. See BrownCorpus, Text8Corpus or LineSentence in word2vec module for such examples.

      • fit_transform():

        X (numpy array of shape [n_samples, n_features]) – Training set.

    If you want to use scikit-learn, then you will need to have the 2-d shape. You will need to "somehow merge" word-vectors for a single sentence to form a 1-d array for that sentence. That means that you need to form a kind of sentence-vector, by doing:

    • sum of individual words
    • average of individual words
    • weighted averaging of individual words based on frequency, tf-idf etc.
    • using other techniques like sent2vec, paragraph2vec, doc2vec etc.

    Note:- I noticed now that you were doing this thing based on D2VTransformer. That should be the correct approach here if you want to use sklearn.

    The issue in that question was this line (since that question is now deleted):

    X_train = vectorizer.fit_transform(X_train)

    Here, you overwrite your original X_train (list of list of words) with already calculated word vectors and hence that error.

    Or else, you can use other tools / libraries (keras, tensorflow) which allow sequential input of variable size. For example, LSTMs can be configured here to take a variable input and an ending token to mark the end of sentence (a sample).

    Update:

    In the above given solution, you can replace the lines:

    model = D2VTransformer(dm=1, size=50, min_count=2, iter=10, seed=0)
model.fit(X_train)

clf = LogisticRegression(penalty='l2', C=0.1, random_state=0)
clf.fit(model.transform(X_train), y_train)

pipeline = Pipeline([
        ('vec', model),
        ('clf', clf)
    ])

y_pred = pipeline.predict(X_train)

    with 

    pipeline = Pipeline([
        ('vec', model),
        ('clf', clf)
    ])

pipeline.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = pipeline.predict(X_train)

    No need to fit and transform separately, since pipeline.fit() will automatically do that.