Is there some envvar or similar that I can use to configure the location of ~/.config/nixpkgs/config.nix ?
Yes, the default Nixpkgs config file location can be set with NIXPKGS_CONFIG
.
This will not affect invocations of Nixpkgs where the config
parameter is set, such as
import <nixpkgs> { config = ...; }
or invocations of Nixpkgs by NixOS.