i recently made an APK file by buildozer. and it's ok when i open this application on Ubuntu, windows..but it crashes in Android.
so i debugged through adb logcat and found the reason why crashes.
this is buildozer.spec
[app]
# (str) Title of your application
title = TUBUC
# (str) Package name
package.name = tubuc
# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.test
# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .
# (list) Source files to include (let empty to include all the files)
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,txt,atlas,ttf
# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png
# (list) Source files to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_exts = spec
# (list) List of directory to exclude (let empty to not exclude anything)
#source.exclude_dirs = tests, bin
# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = license,images/*/*.jpg
# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
version = 1.0
# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
# (list) Application requirements
# comma seperated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
requirements = hostpython2,kivy
# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy
# (list) Garden requirements
#garden_requirements =
# (str) Presplash of the application
#presplash.filename = /root/hi2/image/Loading_Screen.png
# (str) Icon of the application
#icon.filename = /root/hi2/image/logo.png
# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape, portrait or all)
orientation = portrait
# (list) List of service to declare
#services = NAME:ENTRYPOINT_TO_PY,NAME2:ENTRYPOINT2_TO_PY
#
# OSX Specific
#
#
# author = © Copyright Info
# change the major version of python used by the app
osx.python_version = 2.7
# Kivy version to use
osx.kivy_version = 1.10.0
#
# Android specific
#
# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 1
# (string) Presplash background color (for new android toolchain)
# Supported formats are: #RRGGBB #AARRGGBB or one of the following names:
# red, blue, green, black, white, gray, cyan, magenta, yellow, lightgray,
# darkgray, grey, lightgrey, darkgrey, aqua, fuchsia, lime, maroon, navy,
# olive, purple, silver, teal.
#android.presplash_color = #FFFFFF
# (list) Permissions
android.permissions = INTERNET,WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,FACTORY_TEST
# (int) Android API to use
android.api = 24
# (int) Minimum API required
android.minapi = 9
# (int) Android SDK version to use
android.sdk = 20
# (str) Android NDK version to use
android.ndk = 16b
# (bool) Use --private data storage (True) or --dir public storage (False)
android.private_storage = True
# (str) Android NDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ndk_path =
# (str) Android SDK directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.sdk_path =
# (str) ANT directory (if empty, it will be automatically downloaded.)
#android.ant_path =
# (bool) If True, then skip trying to update the Android sdk
# This can be useful to avoid excess Internet downloads or save time
# when an update is due and you just want to test/build your package
# android.skip_update = False
# (str) Android entry point, default is ok for Kivy-based app
#android.entrypoint = org.renpy.android.PythonActivity
# (list) Pattern to whitelist for the whole project
#android.whitelist =
# (str) Path to a custom whitelist file
#android.whitelist_src =
# (str) Path to a custom blacklist file
#android.blacklist_src =
# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the libs so that pyjnius can access
# their classes. Don't add jars that you do not need, since extra jars can slow
# down the build process. Allows wildcards matching, for example:
# OUYA-ODK/libs/*.jar
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more/*.jar
# (list) List of Java files to add to the android project (can be java or a
# directory containing the files)
#android.add_src =
# (list) Android AAR archives to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.add_aars =
# (list) Gradle dependencies to add (currently works only with sdl2_gradle
# bootstrap)
#android.gradle_dependencies =
# (str) python-for-android branch to use, defaults to stable
#p4a.branch = stable
# (str) OUYA Console category. Should be one of GAME or APP
# If you leave this blank, OUYA support will not be enabled
#android.ouya.category = GAME
# (str) Filename of OUYA Console icon. It must be a 732x412 png image.
#android.ouya.icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/ouya_icon.png
# (str) XML file to include as an intent filters in <activity> tag
#android.manifest.intent_filters =
# (list) Android additionnal libraries to copy into libs/armeabi
#android.add_libs_armeabi = libs/android/*.so
#android.add_libs_armeabi_v7a = libs/android-v7/*.so
#android.add_libs_x86 = libs/android-x86/*.so
#android.add_libs_mips = libs/android-mips/*.so
# (bool) Indicate whether the screen should stay on
# Don't forget to add the WAKE_LOCK permission if you set this to True
#android.wakelock = False
# (list) Android application meta-data to set (key=value format)
#android.meta_data =
# (list) Android library project to add (will be added in the
# project.properties automatically.)
#android.library_references =
# (str) Android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D
# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1
# (str) The Android arch to build for, choices: armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86
android.arch = armeabi-v7a
#
# Python for android (p4a) specific
#
# (str) python-for-android git clone directory (if empty, it will be automatically cloned from github)
#p4a.source_dir =
# (str) The directory in which python-for-android should look for your own build recipes (if any)
#p4a.local_recipes =
# (str) Filename to the hook for p4a
#p4a.hook =
# (str) Bootstrap to use for android builds
# p4a.bootstrap = sdl2
#
# iOS specific
#
# (str) Path to a custom kivy-ios folder
#ios.kivy_ios_dir = ../kivy-ios
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the debug version
# Get a list of available identities: buildozer ios list_identities
#ios.codesign.debug = "iPhone Developer: <lastname> <firstname> (<hexstring>)"
# (str) Name of the certificate to use for signing the release version
#ios.codesign.release = %(ios.codesign.debug)s
[buildozer]
# (int) Log level (0 = error only, 1 = info, 2 = debug (with command output))
log_level = 2
# (int) Display warning if buildozer is run as root (0 = False, 1 = True)
warn_on_root = 1
# (str) Path to build artifact storage, absolute or relative to spec file
build_dir = ./.buildozer
# (str) Path to build output (i.e. .apk, .ipa) storage
bin_dir = ./bin
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# List as sections
#
# You can define all the "list" as [section:key].
# Each line will be considered as a option to the list.
# Let's take [app] / source.exclude_patterns.
# Instead of doing:
#
#[app]
#source.exclude_patterns = license,data/audio/*.wav,data/images/original/*
#
# This can be translated into:
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns]
#license
#data/audio/*.wav
#data/images/original/*
#
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Profiles
#
# You can extend section / key with a profile
# For example, you want to deploy a demo version of your application without
# HD content. You could first change the title to add "(demo)" in the name
# and extend the excluded directories to remove the HD content.
#
#[app@demo]
#title = My Application (demo)
#
#[app:source.exclude_patterns@demo]
#images/hd/*
#
# Then, invoke the command line with the "demo" profile:
#
#buildozer --profile demo android debug
adb logcat
08-17 01:54:14.216 839 1040 I python : ('Android kivy bootstrap done. __name__ is', '__main__')
08-17 01:54:14.252 839 1040 I python : ['/data/user/0/org.test.tubuc/files/app/lib/python2.7/site-packages', '/data/user/0/org.test.tubuc/files/app/lib/site-python']
08-17 01:54:14.252 839 1040 I python : AND: Ran string
08-17 01:54:14.252 839 1040 I python : Run user program, change dir and execute entrypoint
08-17 01:54:14.360 839 1040 I python : [WARNING] [Config ] Older configuration version detected (0 instead of 19)
08-17 01:54:14.360 839 1040 I python : [WARNING] [Config ] Upgrading configuration in progress.
08-17 01:54:14.366 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Logger ] Record log in /data/user/0/org.test.tubuc/files/app/.kivy/logs/kivy_18-08-17_0.txt
08-17 01:54:14.367 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Kivy ] v1.10.0
08-17 01:54:14.367 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Python ] v2.7.2 (default, Aug 14 2018, 08:46:55)
08-17 01:54:14.367 839 1040 I python : [GCC 4.8]
08-17 01:54:14.396 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Factory ] 194 symbols loaded
08-17 01:54:14.643 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Image ] Providers: img_tex, img_dds, img_sdl2, img_gif (img_pil, img_ffpyplayer ignored)
08-17 01:54:14.667 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Text ] Provider: sdl2
08-17 01:54:14.713 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [OSC ] using <thread> for socket
08-17 01:54:14.715 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Window ] Provider: sdl2
08-17 01:54:14.730 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] Using the "OpenGL ES 2" graphics system
08-17 01:54:14.730 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] Backend used <gl>
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] OpenGL version <OpenGL ES 3.2 v1.r22p0-01rel0.f294e54ceb2cb2d81039204fa4b0402e>
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] OpenGL vendor <ARM>
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] OpenGL renderer <Mali-T880>
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] OpenGL parsed version: 3, 2
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] Texture max size <8192>
08-17 01:54:14.731 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] Texture max units <16>
08-17 01:54:14.753 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Window ] auto add sdl2 input provider
08-17 01:54:14.754 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [Window ] virtual keyboard not allowed, single mode, not docked
08-17 01:54:14.776 839 1040 I python : [INFO ] [GL ] NPOT texture support is available
08-17 01:54:14.778 839 1040 I python : [WARNING] [GL ] Unpack subimage support is not available
08-17 01:54:15.082 839 1040 I python : Traceback (most recent call last):
08-17 01:54:15.082 839 1040 I python : File "/root/hi2/.buildozer/android/app/main.py", line 73, in <module>
08-17 01:54:15.082 839 1040 I python : File "/root/hi2/.buildozer/android/platform/build/dists/tubuc/private/lib/python2.7/site-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 301, in load_file
08-17 01:54:15.082 839 1040 I python : File "/root/hi2/.buildozer/android/platform/build/dists/tubuc/private/lib/python2.7/site-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 382, in load_string
08-17 01:54:15.082 839 1040 I python : File "/root/hi2/.buildozer/android/platform/build/dists/tubuc/private/lib/python2.7/site-packages/kivy/lang/builder.py", line 564, in _apply_rule
08-17 01:54:15.083 839 1040 I python : File "/root/hi2/.buildozer/android/app/main.py", line 56, in __init__
08-17 01:54:15.083 839 1040 I python : IOError: [Errno 13] Permission denied: '/root/hi2/station/ICB164000039.txt'
08-17 01:54:15.105 839 1040 I python : Python for android ended.
It is because of Permission Denied. you can see the second line from bottom tells me Permission Denied.
so i made folder that does not need root account. but it gives me this log. (folder and file is clearly exist)
08-17 02:07:44.238 7380 7411 I python : IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: '/home/guk/station/ICB164000039.txt'
08-17 02:07:44.259 7380 7411 I python : Python for android ended. this log.
So is there any solution for this situation?
On Android you only have permission to write within your app's sandbox. There is no home directory, you cannot make random files off of root. The directory you write to is defined by context.getFilesDir(). There is no safe path you can assume, as the exact place apps are stored can differ by device and API level.