Must a strictly valid URI that has an authority part (the kind you would use as a URL to access a remote resource) always have a host part?
That is, is the AMQP connection "URI" amqp://
Yes, a valid URI always has a host part, although it may be zero-length.
Quoth the standard:
If the URI scheme defines a default for host, then that default applies when the host subcomponent is undefined or when the registered name is empty (zero length).
The standard then notes that the default host for the file
scheme is the local host, but that there is no default host for the http
scheme, so the host part must be non-empty for that scheme.