swiftxcodeuiscrollviewautolayoutlabel
Center UIView vertically in scroll view when its dynamic Labels are small enough, but align it to the top once they are not
I have a view with 3 dynamic labels inside it and I am trying to find a way to centre it vertically in a scroll view but when its dynamic labels are too large to fit on a page, make the text start from the top. What Xcode is doing at the moment is this:
What I am trying to do is this:
Any ideas about how to achieve this? Thanks.
Solution
You can accomplish this by embedding the labels in a stack view and embedding the stack view in a UIView. The label text will expand the stack view vertically, which will expand the content view vertically, which will control the scroll view's .contentSize.
Black is the scroll view; blue is the content view; stack view only shows as thin gray outline; labels are yellow, green and cyan. The background colors just make it easier to see what's what.
Bunch of steps, but should be clear:
- add a scrollView, set constraints as normal
- add a UIView to scrollView - name it "contentView"
- set constraints
0for top/leading/trailing/bottom of contentView to scrollView - set width and height of contentView equal to width and height of scrollView
- add a stackView to contentView
- set stackView to
Vertical / Fill / Fill / Spacing: 20 - set stackView constraints top: 8, bottom: 8, leading: 40, trailing: 40 to contentView
- set stackView centerY constraint to contentView
- add three labels to stackView
- set fonts and text, set number of lines = 0 for center and bottom labels
- change stackView top and bottom constraints to
>= 8 - change contentView height constraint to Priority: 250
- I think that's everything....
Setting the height Priority of the contentView to 250 will allow it to expand vertically based on the text in the labels.
Setting top and bottom stackView constraints to >= 8 will "push" the top and bottom of the contentView, but allow extra space when you don't have enough text to exceed the vertical bounds.
Results:
Here's a storyboard with everything in place for reference:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<document type="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder3.CocoaTouch.Storyboard.XIB" version="3.0" toolsVersion="14109" targetRuntime="iOS.CocoaTouch" propertyAccessControl="none" useAutolayout="YES" useTraitCollections="YES" useSafeAreas="YES" colorMatched="YES" initialViewController="SeU-GX-TTY">
<device id="retina4_7" orientation="portrait">
<adaptation id="fullscreen"/>
</device>
<dependencies>
<deployment identifier="iOS"/>
<plugIn identifier="com.apple.InterfaceBuilder.IBCocoaTouchPlugin" version="14088"/>
<capability name="Safe area layout guides" minToolsVersion="9.0"/>
<capability name="documents saved in the Xcode 8 format" minToolsVersion="8.0"/>
</dependencies>
<scenes>
<!--View Controller-->
<scene sceneID="bCz-Kd-LLi">
<objects>
<viewController id="SeU-GX-TTY" sceneMemberID="viewController">
<view key="view" contentMode="scaleToFill" id="qjW-fW-J5n">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="375" height="667"/>
<autoresizingMask key="autoresizingMask" widthSizable="YES" heightSizable="YES"/>
<subviews>
<scrollView clipsSubviews="YES" multipleTouchEnabled="YES" contentMode="scaleToFill" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="Zj2-9M-SP5" userLabel="scrollView">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="40" width="375" height="627"/>
<subviews>
<view contentMode="scaleToFill" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="Pmb-IH-ckB" userLabel="contentView">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="375" height="627"/>
<subviews>
<stackView opaque="NO" contentMode="scaleToFill" axis="vertical" spacing="20" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="EfQ-93-hcI" userLabel="stackView">
<rect key="frame" x="40" y="164" width="295" height="299.5"/>
<subviews>
<label opaque="NO" userInteractionEnabled="NO" contentMode="left" horizontalHuggingPriority="251" verticalHuggingPriority="251" verticalCompressionResistancePriority="751" text="Anger" textAlignment="natural" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="Sxz-f7-zjR" userLabel="topLabel">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="0.0" width="295" height="43"/>
<color key="backgroundColor" red="0.99953407049999998" green="0.98835557699999999" blue="0.47265523669999998" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
<fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="system" pointSize="36"/>
<nil key="textColor"/>
<nil key="highlightedColor"/>
</label>
<label opaque="NO" userInteractionEnabled="NO" contentMode="left" horizontalHuggingPriority="251" verticalHuggingPriority="251" textAlignment="natural" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" numberOfLines="0" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="STy-4u-e1W" userLabel="centerLabel">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="63" width="295" height="183"/>
<color key="backgroundColor" red="0.83216959239999999" green="0.98548370600000001" blue="0.47333085539999997" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
<string key="text">Anger is an intense emotion defined as a response to a perceived provocation, the invasion of one's boundaries, or a threat. From an evolutionary standpoint, anger servers to mobilise psychological resources in order to address the threat/invasion. Anger is directed at an individual of equal status.</string>
<fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="system" pointSize="17"/>
<nil key="textColor"/>
<nil key="highlightedColor"/>
</label>
<label opaque="NO" userInteractionEnabled="NO" contentMode="left" horizontalHuggingPriority="251" verticalHuggingPriority="251" verticalCompressionResistancePriority="749" text="Based on information from Wikipedia. APA DIctionary of Psycology" textAlignment="natural" lineBreakMode="tailTruncation" numberOfLines="0" baselineAdjustment="alignBaselines" adjustsFontSizeToFit="NO" translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints="NO" id="u3i-zP-e1M" userLabel="bottomLabel">
<rect key="frame" x="0.0" y="266" width="295" height="33.5"/>
<color key="backgroundColor" red="0.45138680930000002" green="0.99309605359999997" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
<fontDescription key="fontDescription" type="system" pointSize="14"/>
<nil key="textColor"/>
<nil key="highlightedColor"/>
</label>
</subviews>
</stackView>
</subviews>
<color key="backgroundColor" red="0.46202266219999999" green="0.83828371759999998" blue="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
<constraints>
<constraint firstAttribute="trailing" secondItem="EfQ-93-hcI" secondAttribute="trailing" constant="40" id="4HE-oJ-RE3"/>
<constraint firstItem="EfQ-93-hcI" firstAttribute="centerY" secondItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" secondAttribute="centerY" id="H9O-jj-a7A"/>
<constraint firstItem="EfQ-93-hcI" firstAttribute="top" relation="greaterThanOrEqual" secondItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" secondAttribute="top" constant="8" id="cKe-DN-Lbn"/>
<constraint firstItem="EfQ-93-hcI" firstAttribute="leading" secondItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" secondAttribute="leading" constant="40" id="f4g-6a-VqH"/>
<constraint firstAttribute="bottom" relation="greaterThanOrEqual" secondItem="EfQ-93-hcI" secondAttribute="bottom" constant="8" id="meR-gT-OVG"/>
</constraints>
</view>
</subviews>
<color key="backgroundColor" red="0.0" green="0.0" blue="0.0" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="sRGB"/>
<constraints>
<constraint firstItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" firstAttribute="top" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="top" id="HCI-bq-7ur"/>
<constraint firstAttribute="trailing" secondItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" secondAttribute="trailing" id="Tdl-c0-GAV"/>
<constraint firstItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" firstAttribute="width" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="width" id="Zj9-ND-Fqt"/>
<constraint firstItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" firstAttribute="leading" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="leading" id="ckv-wi-E1z"/>
<constraint firstItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" firstAttribute="height" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="height" priority="250" id="jpK-HZ-vva"/>
<constraint firstAttribute="bottom" secondItem="Pmb-IH-ckB" secondAttribute="bottom" id="psz-UW-bNp"/>
</constraints>
</scrollView>
</subviews>
<color key="backgroundColor" white="1" alpha="1" colorSpace="custom" customColorSpace="genericGamma22GrayColorSpace"/>
<constraints>
<constraint firstItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" firstAttribute="top" secondItem="Xr7-LW-bbC" secondAttribute="top" constant="20" id="EgA-Bk-3fC"/>
<constraint firstItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" firstAttribute="leading" secondItem="qjW-fW-J5n" secondAttribute="leading" id="MBG-pL-R8Q"/>
<constraint firstItem="Xr7-LW-bbC" firstAttribute="bottom" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="bottom" id="e9K-6A-Y9F"/>
<constraint firstItem="Xr7-LW-bbC" firstAttribute="trailing" secondItem="Zj2-9M-SP5" secondAttribute="trailing" id="yfs-wt-Br8"/>
</constraints>
<viewLayoutGuide key="safeArea" id="Xr7-LW-bbC"/>
</view>
</viewController>
<placeholder placeholderIdentifier="IBFirstResponder" id="lHx-xL-Vx5" userLabel="First Responder" sceneMemberID="firstResponder"/>
</objects>
<point key="canvasLocation" x="225" y="106"/>
</scene>
</scenes>
</document>
And here's a quick example replicating that layout / functionality via code only:
//
// ScrollWorkViewController.swift
//
// Created by DonMag on 6/12/19.
//
import UIKit
class ScrollWorkViewController: UIViewController {
let theScrollView: UIScrollView = {
let v = UIScrollView()
v.backgroundColor = .red
return v
}()
let contentView: UIView = {
let v = UIView()
v.backgroundColor = UIColor(red: 0.25, green: 0.25, blue: 1.0, alpha: 1.0)
return v
}()
let stackView: UIStackView = {
let v = UIStackView()
v.axis = .vertical
v.alignment = .fill
v.distribution = .fill
v.spacing = 20
return v
}()
let topLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 32.0)
v.backgroundColor = .yellow
return v
}()
let centerLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 17.0)
v.numberOfLines = 0
v.backgroundColor = .green
return v
}()
let bottomLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14.0)
v.numberOfLines = 0
v.backgroundColor = .cyan
return v
}()
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
[theScrollView, contentView, stackView, topLabel, centerLabel, bottomLabel].forEach {
$0.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
}
view.addSubview(theScrollView)
theScrollView.addSubview(contentView)
contentView.addSubview(stackView)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(topLabel)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(centerLabel)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(bottomLabel)
let contentViewHeightConstraint = contentView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.heightAnchor, constant: 0.0)
contentViewHeightConstraint.priority = .defaultLow
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
// constrain all 4 sides of the scroll view to the safe area
theScrollView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.topAnchor, constant: 0.0),
theScrollView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.bottomAnchor, constant: 0.0),
theScrollView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.leadingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
theScrollView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: view.safeAreaLayoutGuide.trailingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain all 4 sides of the content view to the scroll view
contentView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.topAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.bottomAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.leadingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.trailingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain width of content view to width of scroll view
contentView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: theScrollView.widthAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain the stack view >= 8-pts from the top
// <= minus 8-pts from the bottom
// 40-pts leading and trailing
stackView.topAnchor.constraint(greaterThanOrEqualTo: contentView.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
stackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(lessThanOrEqualTo: contentView.bottomAnchor, constant: -8.0),
stackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor, constant: 40.0),
stackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.trailingAnchor, constant: -40.0),
// constrain stack view centerY to contentView centerY
stackView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.centerYAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// activate the contentView's height constraint
contentViewHeightConstraint,
])
topLabel.text = "Anger"
bottomLabel.text = "Based on information from Wikipedia APA Dictionary of Psychology"
// a sample paragraph of text
let centerSampleText = "Anger is an intense emotion defined as a response to a perceived provocation, the invasion of one’s boundaries, or a threat. From an evolutionary standpoint, anger servers to mobilise psychological resources in order to address the threat/invasion. Anger is directed at an individual of equal status."
// change to repeat the center-label sample text
let numberOfParagraphs = 2
var s = ""
for i in 1...numberOfParagraphs {
s += "\(i). " + centerSampleText
if i < numberOfParagraphs {
s += "\n\n"
}
}
centerLabel.text = s
}
}
Edit - since this answer still gets occasional "up-votes," I've updated the code to reflect the more modern usage of scroll view .contentLayoutGuide and .frameFlayoutGuide. Also added buttons to interactively add / remove text demonstrate the centering.
class ScrollWorkViewController: UIViewController {
let theScrollView: UIScrollView = {
let v = UIScrollView()
v.backgroundColor = .systemYellow
return v
}()
let contentView: UIView = {
let v = UIView()
v.backgroundColor = .systemBlue
return v
}()
let stackView: UIStackView = {
let v = UIStackView()
v.axis = .vertical
v.alignment = .fill
v.distribution = .fill
v.spacing = 20
return v
}()
let topLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.boldSystemFont(ofSize: 32.0)
v.backgroundColor = .yellow
return v
}()
let centerLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 17.0)
v.numberOfLines = 0
v.backgroundColor = .green
return v
}()
let bottomLabel: UILabel = {
let v = UILabel()
v.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 14.0)
v.numberOfLines = 0
v.backgroundColor = .cyan
return v
}()
// a sample paragraph of text
let centerSampleText = "Anger is an intense emotion defined as a response to a perceived provocation, the invasion of one’s boundaries, or a threat. From an evolutionary standpoint, anger servers to mobilise psychological resources in order to address the threat/invasion. Anger is directed at an individual of equal status."
// update the center-label text when numberOfParagraphs changes
var numberOfParagraphs = 1 {
didSet {
var s = ""
for i in 1...numberOfParagraphs {
s += "\(i). " + centerSampleText
if i < numberOfParagraphs {
s += "\n\n"
}
}
centerLabel.text = s
}
}
override func viewDidLoad() {
super.viewDidLoad()
let btnA = UIButton()
btnA.setTitle("Add", for: [])
btnA.setTitleColor(.white, for: .normal)
btnA.setTitleColor(.lightGray, for: .highlighted)
btnA.backgroundColor = .systemGreen
let btnB = UIButton()
btnB.setTitle("Remove", for: [])
btnB.setTitleColor(.white, for: .normal)
btnB.setTitleColor(.lightGray, for: .highlighted)
btnB.backgroundColor = .systemRed
[btnA, btnB, theScrollView, contentView, stackView, topLabel, centerLabel, bottomLabel].forEach {
$0.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false
}
view.addSubview(btnA)
view.addSubview(btnB)
view.addSubview(theScrollView)
theScrollView.addSubview(contentView)
contentView.addSubview(stackView)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(topLabel)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(centerLabel)
stackView.addArrangedSubview(bottomLabel)
let g = view.safeAreaLayoutGuide
let cg = theScrollView.contentLayoutGuide
let fg = theScrollView.frameLayoutGuide
// constrain height of content view to height of scroll view's Frame Layout Guide
// with less-than-required Priority so it can get taller when the content gets taller
let contentViewHeightConstraint = contentView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalTo: fg.heightAnchor, constant: 0.0)
contentViewHeightConstraint.priority = .defaultLow
NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
// constrain buttons at top
btnA.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
btnA.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.leadingAnchor, constant: 20.0),
btnB.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
btnB.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.trailingAnchor, constant: -20.0),
btnB.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: btnA.trailingAnchor, constant: 20.0),
btnB.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: btnA.widthAnchor),
// constrain scroll view Top to buttons Bottom plus 8-points "spacing"
// leading/trailing/bottom to the safe area
theScrollView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: btnA.bottomAnchor, constant: 8.0),
theScrollView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.leadingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
theScrollView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.trailingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
theScrollView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: g.bottomAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain all 4 sides of the content view to the scroll view's Content Layout Guide
contentView.topAnchor.constraint(equalTo: cg.topAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: cg.leadingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: cg.trailingAnchor, constant: 0.0),
contentView.bottomAnchor.constraint(equalTo: cg.bottomAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain width of content view to width of scroll view's Frame Layout Guide
contentView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalTo: fg.widthAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// constrain the stack view >= 8-pts from the top
// <= minus 8-pts from the bottom
// 40-pts leading and trailing
stackView.topAnchor.constraint(greaterThanOrEqualTo: contentView.topAnchor, constant: 8.0),
stackView.bottomAnchor.constraint(lessThanOrEqualTo: contentView.bottomAnchor, constant: -8.0),
stackView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.leadingAnchor, constant: 40.0),
stackView.trailingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.trailingAnchor, constant: -40.0),
// constrain stack view centerY to contentView centerY
stackView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: contentView.centerYAnchor, constant: 0.0),
// activate the contentView's height constraint
contentViewHeightConstraint,
])
topLabel.text = "Anger"
bottomLabel.text = "Based on information from Wikipedia APA Dictionary of Psychology"
numberOfParagraphs = 1
btnA.addTarget(self, action: #selector(addTapped(_:)), for: .touchUpInside)
btnB.addTarget(self, action: #selector(removeTapped(_:)), for: .touchUpInside)
}
@objc func addTapped(_ sender: Any?) {
numberOfParagraphs += 1
}
@objc func removeTapped(_ sender: Any?) {
if numberOfParagraphs > 1 {
numberOfParagraphs -= 1
}
}
}
With one or two paragraphs, the content is not tall enough to scroll, but remains vertically centered:
With 3 or more paragraphs (on an iPhone SE), we can now scroll:
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