I'm new to ReactJs and trying to follow best practices. From my research, I've come across a couple of contradicting articles discussing how implementation should be.
Should state rely on the properties being passed down from a parent component? In the comparisons below, they are both following SRP, but not sure which is best. Would like your advice, Thanks!
First, and probably the most important of all, the state of a component should not depend on the props passed in. (see below for example of what we should not do)
class UserWidget extends React.Component {
// ...
// BAD: set this.state.fullName with values received through props
constructor (props) {
this.state = {
fullName: `${props.firstName} ${props.lastName}`
};
}
// ...
}
Let's refactor to have one responsibility: render form fields and attach event handlers. It shouldn't know how to use storage directly.....The component receives the stored input value from a prop initialValue, and saves the input value using a prop function saveValue(newValue). These props are provided by withPersistence() HOC using props proxy technique.
class PersistentForm extends Component {
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.state = { inputValue: props.initialValue };
}
// ...
}
export default function TasksWithData(TasksComponent) {
return class withData extends React.Component {
render() {
const tasks = TaskAPI.getTasks();
return (
<TasksComponent
tasks={tasks}
{...this.props}
/>
)
}
}
}
export default class Tasks extends React.Component {
state = {
tasks: [],
addItemInput: null
};
// ...
componentDidMount() {
this.updateComponentState({tasks: this.props.tasks});
}
componentDidUpdate() {
this.prepUIForNextAddition();
}
// ...
}
The gist of your question seems to revolve around the anti-pattern that is to take some props and duplicate it into the state. This, mutating of props, isn't the purpose of the state. Props are immutable, duping them to the state defeats this design.
The purpose of the state is to manage things that are specific to the React Component, i.e. tightly scoped to only that React component. For instance a showHide switch for something to display within the React component. Think of the state as a locally scoped variable if it helps.
Most of the time this anti-pattern of duping the props can be satisfied by a function within the React object. For example, your state.full_name variable becomes a named function, fullName, bound to the React Component. (all code examples are assuming JSX syntax)
Note: in JavaScript camelcase is the naming structure for functions and variables, I'm assuming you're coming from ruby based on the underscore naming convention. IMO it's best to stick to the convention of the language with which you're writing the code. This is why I use camelcased naming.
...
fullName() {
return this.props.firstName + " " + this.props.lastName
}
...
That function can then be called within the render of the component
# in render() portion of your React component, assuming jsx syntax
<p>Hello, {this.fullName()}</p>
Note: Remember that in ES6 you have to bind the methods in your react class in the constructor or use => syntax so that you can call them with this.
...
constructor(props) {
super(props);
this.fullName = this.fullName.bind(this);
}
...
You could also decompose the relevant parts to a new Component called FullName if it will be utilized by multiple components.
<FullName firstName={this.props.firstName} lastName={this.props.lastName} />
Technically, "the react way" is, at least in this author's opinion, to decompose this into another component for reusability. However component reuse needs to be weighed against the complexity added, i.e. don't optimize prematurely. So you may not want to take that too far at first. The times when it's necessary will emerge naturally.
A very broad generalization of React's props is that they are guaranteed, are immutable, and they flow down like a waterfall from the topmost component. If you need to update them, update them at the highest level where it makes sense.
In a soley React based approach, if you have something that a parent needs to be aware of, "lift" that part of the code up to the parent and vice versa bind it down to the child as a props, e.g. an AJAX function that calls an API. I think of it as trying to keep the components as dumb as possible.
The parent becomes the "source of truth" for the item you "lifted". The parent handles the updates, and then passes the results to the children. So in the parent, it may exist as a state variable and then get passed as props to the child object, which then passes it along as props to it's child object, etc. The children would update as the state gets changed in their parent when it propagates down through the chain as props.
If your app is React only, i.e. no stores that manage objects such as in the flux pattern or redux pattern, you may have to store things in the topmost objet's state which technically could be viewed as bad. As your system becomes more complex, this functionality would be better handled by flux or redux's parts.
Hope this helps!