Is it possible to implement custom transformers to perform non-trivial transformations, preferably both ways?
Unfortunately, App Maker doesn't have a mechanism to add custom transformers.
However, you can use client scripts to transform your bindings. For example, if you have a label that bound to @datasource.item.name, you can create Client Script with a function:
function nameTransformer(name) {
return name + ' after transformation';
}
and change your binding to nameTransformer(@datasource.item.name). That function can contain more complex logic.