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Problems linking Bonmin using Cmake under macOS High Sierra with "ld: framework not found -lAccelerate"

I am currently trying to link Bonmin using cmake in my project under macOS High Sierra (10.13.4) with Xcode version 9.3. Before I describe the setup I should mention that the Bonmin example (/PATH_TO_BONMIN/Bonmin/examples/CppExample) compiles with the included make files. Later example I try to get to work in my environment, but it is not working. Thus, I think there must be an incompatibility.

Bonmin 1.8 (https://www.coin-or.org/Tarballs/Bonmin/) was build on my Mac using 

../configure -C --disable-shared  F77="/usr/local/bin/gfortran" FFLAGS="-fexceptions -m64 -fbackslash" CFLAGS="-fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64" CXXFLAGS="-fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64"

My FindBonmin.cmake uses the package configuration files from "${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig":

find_path(BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR
        NAMES libbonmin.a 
        HINTS ...
        HINTS /usr/local/include/coin
        HINTS ${BONMIN_ROOT_DIR}/include/coin
        HINTS ${BONMIN_ROOT_DIR}/include
)

if(IS_DIRECTORY "${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig")
  set(CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH "${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig")
  set(ENV{PKG_CONFIG_PATH} "${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig")
else()
  message("Directory ${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig does not exist!")
endif()

From this I get the following:

${BONMIN_LIBRARY_DIR}/pkgconfig = 
/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib/pkgconfig

${PKG_BONMIN_INCLUDE_DIRS} = 
/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/include/coin;/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/include/coin/ThirdParty;/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/include/coin;/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/include/coin/ThirdParty

${PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS} = -L/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib;-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/x86_64;-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/../../../x86_64;-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3;-L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/../../..;-lbonmin;-lCbcSolver;-lCbc;-lCgl;-lOsiClp;-lClpSolver;-lClp;-lcoinasl;-lm;-ldl;-lOsi;-lCoinUtils;-lbz2;-lz;-framework;Accelerate;-lm;-lipopt;-framework;Accelerate;-lm;-ldl;-lcoinmumps;-framework;Accelerate;-lgfortranbegin;-lgfortran;-lSystem

This is used for the example:

include_directories(${PKG_BONMIN_INCLUDE_DIRS} )
add_executable(bonminExample runnables/bonminExample.cpp)
target_link_libraries(bonminExample ${PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS})

Additional information:

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.6)
project(MyProject CXX)

# The version number.
set (MyProject_VERSION_MAJOR 1)
set (MyProject_VERSION_MINOR 0)

set(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/bin/clang" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the used C compiler; default clang." FORCE)
set(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/bin/clang++" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the used C++ compiler; default clang++." FORCE)
set(OPENMP_LIBRARIES "/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/lib" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the OpenMP libraries." FORCE)
set(OPENMP_INCLUDES "/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/include" CACHE FILEPATH "Path to the OpenMP includes." FORCE)

## Set c++14
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "GNU|Clang")
  set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=native")
endif()

...

The error message I get, while trying to link Bonmin is:

ld: framework not found -lAccelerate
clang-5.0: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [/Users/<PATH>/myproject/bin/bonminExample] Error 1
make[1]: *** [src/CMakeFiles/bonminExample.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....

With the details:

[  3%] Linking CXX executable /Users/<PATH>/myproject/bin/bonminExample
cd /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/src && /opt/local/bin/cmake -E cmake_link_script CMakeFiles/bonminExample.dir/link.txt --verbose=1
cd /Users/<PATH>/build_debug && /opt/local/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /Users/<PATH>/myproject /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/googletest-src/googlemock /Users/<PATH>/build_debug /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/googletest-build/googlemock /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_autogen.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
cd /Users/<PATH>/build_debug && /opt/local/bin/cmake -E cmake_depends "Unix Makefiles" /Users/<PATH>/myproject/ /Users/<PATH>/myproject/src /Users/<PATH>/build_debug /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/src /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/src/CMakeFiles/PGT.dir/DependInfo.cmake --color=
/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/bin/clang++   -fopenmp=libomp -Wno-unused-command-line-argument -DCOIN_USE_MUMPS_MPI_H -fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64 -DBONMIN_BUILD -march=native -g -Wall -ggdb -Wl,-search_paths_first -Wl,-headerpad_max_install_names  CMakeFiles/bonminExample.dir/runnables/BonminExample.cpp.o CMakeFiles/bonminExample.dir/bonminExample_autogen/mocs_compilation.cpp.o  -o /Users/<PATH>/myproject/bin/bonminExample  -L/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/lib  -L/Users/<PATH>/external_libraries/ogdf20170723 -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/Cellar/llvm/5.0.1/lib -Wl,-rpath,/Users/<PATH>/external_libraries/ogdf20170723 -L/Users/<PATH>/external_libraries/Bonming-1.8/build/lib -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/x86_64 -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/../../../x86_64 -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3 -L/usr/local/lib/gcc/i686-apple-darwin8/4.2.3/../../.. -lbonmin -lCbcSolver -lCbc -lCgl -lOsiClp -lClpSolver -lClp -lcoinasl -lm -ldl -lOsi -lCoinUtils -lbz2 -lz -framework -lAccelerate -lm -lipopt -framework -lAccelerate -lm -ldl -lcoinmumps -framework -lAccelerate -lgfortranbegin -lgfortran -lSystem -lm -ldl -lOsi -lCoinUtils -lbz2 -lz -lipopt -lcoinmumps -lgfortranbegin -lgfortran -lSystem 
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_autogen.dir/build.make googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_autogen.dir/build
[  4%] Automatic MOC for target gmock
cd /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/googletest-build/googlemock && /opt/local/bin/cmake -E cmake_autogen /Users/<PATH>/build_debug/googletest-build/googlemock/CMakeFiles/gmock_autogen.dir Debug
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f src/CMakeFiles/PGT.dir/build.make src/CMakeFiles/PGT.dir/build
ld: framework not found -lAccelerate
clang-5.0: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
make[2]: *** [/Users/<PATH>/myproject/bin/bonminExample] Error 1
make[1]: *** [src/CMakeFiles/bonminExample.dir/all] Error 2
make[1]: *** Waiting for unfinished jobs....
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/usr/bin/make -f src/CMakeFiles/PGTIP.dir/build.make src/CMakeFiles/PGTIP.dir/build

Does anybody know what might be an issue or even has a solution to it?

Note that the make file from the Bonmin example gives me the following:

MBP:CppExample myname$ make VERBOSE=1
clang++ -fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64   -DBONMIN_BUILD `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib64/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/share/pkgconfig:/opt/X11/lib/pkgconfig pkg-config --cflags bonmin`  -c -o MyBonmin.o `test -f '../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/MyBonmin.cpp' || echo '../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/'`../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/MyBonmin.cpp
clang++ -fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64   -DBONMIN_BUILD `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib64/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/share/pkgconfig:/opt/X11/lib/pkgconfig pkg-config --cflags bonmin`  -c -o MyTMINLP.o `test -f '../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/MyTMINLP.cpp' || echo '../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/'`../../../../Bonmin/examples/CppExample/MyTMINLP.cpp
bla=;\
    for file in MyBonmin.o MyTMINLP.o; do bla="$bla `echo $file`"; done; \
    clang++  -fno-common -no-cpp-precomp -fexceptions -arch x86_64 -m64   -DBONMIN_BUILD -o CppExample $bla `PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib64/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/lib/pkgconfig:/Users/<PATH>/Bonmin-1.8/build/share/pkgconfig:/opt/X11/lib/pkgconfig pkg-config --libs bonmin`
Solution

  • Before XXX_LDFLAGS variable, obtained from PkgConfig module, is used in target_link_libraries call, modify that variable:

    string(REPLACE "-framework;" "-framework " PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS "${PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS}")

    (The quotation marks at "${PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS}" are important.)

    After that, -framework option will be processed correctly:

    target_link_libraries(... ${PKG_BONMIN_LDFLAGS})

    Explanations

    It seems that CMake incorrectly works with pkg-config when framework is used. When extract

    -framework Acceletate

    from the pkg-config output, these 2 words are interpreted as separate arguments. So, when passed to target_link_libraries:

    target_link_libraries(... -framework Acceletate)

    -l is appended to the second word according to the command's rules:

    ld .... -framework -lAccelerate

    Proper command's call should be

    target_link_libraries(... "-framework Acceletate")

    And this is exactly the purpose of above-mentioned string(REPLACE): It replaces CMake arguments delimiter ;, following -framework option, with normal space .