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bashcatquotingbackticks

Bash complains about syntax errors in here-document when using backticks

I'm running the following piece of bash code:

cat << END_TEXT
       _             _ 
      | |           | |
  __ _| |__   ___ __| |
 / _` | '_ \ / __/ _` |
| (_| | |_) | (_| (_| |
 \__,_|_.__/ \___\__,_|
END_TEXT

and am getting an error:

bash: command substitution: line 1: syntax error near unexpected token `|'
bash: command substitution: line 1: ` | '_ \ / __/ _'
Solution

  • No need to escape backticks. Just use quoted here-doc string as:

    cat <<-'END_TEXT'
        _             _
       | |           | |
   __ _| |__   ___ __| |
  / _` | '_ \ / __/ _` |
 | (_| | |_) | (_| (_| |
  \__,_|_.__/ \___\__,_|
END_TEXT

    As per man bash:

    If word is unquoted, all lines of the here-document are subjected to parameter expansion, command substitution, and arithmetic expansion, the character sequence \<newline> is ignored, and \ must be used to quote the characters \, $, and `.