I'm working on a big Web solution that uses TFS 2015 as source code management along with TFVC.
There is one scientific project, will generate a bunch of JavaScript files, needs to be accessed by another team that uses Git.
Can TFS have a single repository managed by both Git and TFVC so both teams can work on it simultaneously?
This is impossible for now.
However as a workaround, you could use Git and TFVC repos in the same team project.
In Team Foundation Server 2015 Update 1 and above, a project administrator can add a Git repo to a team project created with Team Foundation Version Control (TFVC).
This allows you to adopt a new version control system while preserving all the data in your team project.
More details please refer this tutorial: TFVC and Git repositories in the same team project
Or you could also use a two-way bridge between TFS (Team Foundation Server) and git, similar to git-svn. It fetches TFS commits into a git repository, and lets you push your updates back to TFS. Such as git-tfs.